LIBRARY OF CONGRE! 




bfllb^ST 



VERMONT FARMS 

Some Facts and Figures Concerning the Ag- 
ricultural Resources and Opportunities 
of the Green Mountain State 




Issued by THE VERMONT.\^UREAU Op'iPUBLICITY Sjl/w^^ 

OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE 

ESSEX JUNCTION, VERMONT 



S45 



THE CAI.EDONIAN COMPANY 
Sr. JOHNSBUKY, VKHMONT 

JAN 8 19H 




SOME VERMONT AGRICULTURAL FACTS 



What inducements can Vermont offer an ambitious, Avide-awake 
farmer to settle in the Green mountain state? That is a fair question 
and demands an equally fair answer. Any satisfactory answer must 
include information regarding agricultural resources, opportunities 
and profits. An impression has been created, and has been accepted 
in very many quarters as a fact, to tlie effect that upon the broad 
prairies of the West was the place of all others where money might 
be made in farming, but impressions often are misleading and some- 
times are incorrect. This little book will undertake to show, not by 
empty boasts and rhetorical statements, but by well authenticated 
facts and figures, that the state of Vermont offers opportunities for 
profitable farming equal to all and superior to most of the states of 
the Union. 

But somebody will say that Vermont is a little state, consisting 
mostly of mountains, that her soil is rocky and sterile, and that it is 
ridiculous to claim that this little commonwealth can be compared 
with the great states of the Middle West as a profitable farming- 
region. It is true that Vermont is a mountainous state, and her people 
are proud of the fact. Her mountains are a source of strength and 
beauty, but they are useful as well as beautiful. They condense the 
moisture that the clouds bear inland* from the Atlantic ocean and 
make possible the abundant verdure which has given to these lofty 
hills their familiar and appropriate name, the Green Mountains. 
The.y furnish excellent timber, and the hill country affords that won- 
derful pasture land which has put Vermont in the lead of all other 
commonwealths as a dairy state, taking area and population into 
account. Nothing could be farther from the truth, however, than the 
idea that Vermont contains only small and undesirable farms, or that 
the soil of Vermont is sterile and that this is an unprofitable agri- 
cultural state. 

Theodore N. Vail today is one of America's great captains of 
industry. Probably no great industrial leader of modern times has 
shown a keener comprehension of the statesmanship of business than 
Mr. Vail. His opinion concerning industrial affairs is that of an 
expert. Listen to what he says of Vermont in the following state- 
ment printed in a magazine : 

^'Agriculture including all its branches is its (Vermont's) great- 
est asset and in this is the greatest industrial possibility. The back- 
bone of Vermont's future will be its agricultural resources, and will 
be the source from which the w^ealth and comfort of its people will be 
largely drawn. The cheap competition of the West is past. Produc- 
tion of grain, meats, all that land produces, will never again be met 
with that competition from the great farms of the West where crops 



Vermont Farms 



were raised almost without labor and where all were producers. 
Eastern prices for all that Vermont can raise and produce will always 
be remunerative for those who produce intelligently. Thrift and 
industry directed by intelligence will always be prosperous m Ver- 
mont. With a little painstaking instruction Vermont boys can be 
taught how to make the hillside and valley homes more desirable than 
any they can find by wandering. 

''Vermont dairy products are the standard. Vermont beef could 
not be surpassed in the days when every farm had, and will have 
again, those big steers and oxen. Vermont mutton is not excelled in 
the world. Vermont fruit, particularly its apples, are inferior to 
none when given proper attention. Vermont horses are the best 
foundation stock from which to breed such horses as are now necessary 
to meet the market requirements." 

Maxwell Evarts, one of the prominent lawyers of this country, 
a son of William M. Evarts, one of America's well-known statesmen, 
has said of Vermont that ' ' alone of all New England she has withstood 
the agricultural competition of the West. This competition is now 
ended and Vermont is coming forward with great strides to her old 
place of a leader among the farming states." 

Both Mr. Vail and Mr. Evarts have shown their faith in Vermont 
by establishing their homes and cultivating farms in the Green 
mountain state. 

Prof. E. H. Farrington, head of the department of dairy 
husbandry in the University of Wisconsin, recently visited Vermont, 
and declared as a result of his visit that Vermont is a much misunder- 
stood state. He had no idea there was so much fertile land here and 
he said that the people of the West had the same mistaken opinion 
of the size of our farms. He expressed the belief that Vermont was 
one of the best parts of the country in which a man might engage 
in farming, mentioning the cheapness of the land and the nearness 
to markets as important inducements. He found our farms prosper- 
ous and the average farm homes even better than those in the West. 

Professor Farrington 's idea that there are no big farms in 
Vermont was dispelled by visits to various parts of the state. To 
those who have not seen our broad and fertile farms, and who hold the 
same erroneous opinion, it may be well to call attention to the last 
census report, which shows the size of the average farm in the United 
States to be 138.1 acres, and the size of the average Vermont farm to 
be 142.6 acres. The size of the average farm in the states of the Central 
West is as follows : Ohio, 88.6 acres ; Indiana, 98.8 acres ; Illinois, 129.1 
acres; Michigan, 91.5 acres; Wisconsin, 118.9 acres; Minnesota, 177.3 
acres; Iowa, 156.3 acres. Only two of these states surpass Vermont 
in the size of the average farm. 



A Few Fertility Facts 



A Few Fertility Facts 

Those persons who have considered Vermont soil barren will do 
well to consider the following facts compiled from the United States 
census and crop reports : 

Last year only eight states raised more bushels of corn per acre than 
Vermont. For the past four years the average number of states raising 
more corn per acre than Vermont was six. \>rmont's average yield foi* 
the four-yeaa* period mentioned was nearly twice the average yield for 
the whole country. The average price in Vermont paid fanners December 
1st for the past four years was 43.6 per cent greater than the average price 
paid tliiroughout the United States. During only one year of the four 
mentioned did one of the big corn states surpass Vermont's yield of bushels 
per acre. For the forty-year period, from 1870 to 1909, inclusive, Ver- 
mont ranks first in average yield of bushels of corn per acre. 

Last year only five states, and those in the irrigated region of ihe 
West, raised more bushels of spring wheat per acre than Vermont. The 
average A^ermont yield during the last four years was nearly twice that 
of the United States. The average price paid in Veraiont during the last 
four years was more than twenty cents per bushel greater than that reported 
for the entire United States. During the period from 1870 to 1909, inclu- 
sive, only two states, and those in the irrigated regions of the AVest, sur- 
passed A^ermont in the average yield of bushels of wheat per acre. 

Last year only eight states raised more bushels of oats per acre than 
A^ermont and this state led all the big oat producing states in average yield 
and price. A^'ermont's average price for the past four years was nearly four- 
teen cents per bushel greater than that of the United States. For the forty 
year period, 1870 to 1909, A^ermont led the Union in tJie average yield of 
bushels of oats per acre. 

Last year only seven states raised more bushels of barley per acre than 
Vermont. During the past four years Vermont surpassed in a marked 
degree both in yield and price all the big barley gTOwing states in the Union. 
The average A^ermont price for that period Avas 14.4 cents per bushel 
greater than the average price of the United States. During the period 
from 1870 to 1909 oidy four states exceeded A^ermont's average yield per 
acre. 

Last year only three states raised more bushels of rye per acre than 
Vermont, and Vermont led all the great rye producing states in yield per 
acre and price. The average Vermont price was 19.3 cents per bushel more 
than the average United States price. During the forty years from 1870 
to 1909, only five states raised more bushels per acre of rye than A ermont. 

Last year only one state led A^ermont in yield of bushels of buckwheat 
per acre. During the past four years A^emiont led the great buckwheat 
growing states in average yield and price. During the forty-year period 
from 1870 to 1909 only one state showed a better average yield than A"er- 
mont. 

Last year only seven states raised more bushels of potatoes per acre 
than A^ermont. For the past four years A^ermont's average yield has ex- 
ceeded that of all the great pototo growing states with the single exception 
of Maine. Vermont's average for this period exceeds the average yield for 
the United States by 33.7 bushels per acre. For the period 1870 to 1909, 
only tAvo states show a larger average yield than A'ermont. 

Last year A^ermont was one of four states tied for first place in yield 
of pounds of tobacco per acre. During the past four years A^ermont's 
average yield and price was almost twice the United States average reported. 

For the forty year period, 1870 to 1909, A^ermont led the Union in 
average returns per acre for the three most important cereals, corn, Avheat 
and oats. 



4: Vermont Farms 



Considering: area and population, Vennont is by far the most notable 
dairy state in the Union, being really in a class by itself. Vermont pro- 
duces more pounds of butter per capita than any other state. Only three 
states produces half as much, only six states a third as much and only 
eight states a fourth as much. Vermont leads all other states in pounds of 
butter per farm. Only four states produce half as much, only seven states 
a third as much, only fifteen states a fourth as much. Vermont leads the 
Union in production of pounds of butter per cow. Vermont leads the 
Union in ratio of dairy cows to population. In pounds of butter per square 
mile, Vermont is far in lead of any other state. In dairy cows per square 
mile, only one state leads Vermont, and in all cattle per square mile, only 
two states lead Vermont. 

In value of all crops per capita of rural population, according to the 
last census figures compiled, only ten states surpassed Vermont. In value 
per acre of all cereals produced in 1909, only seven states surpassed Ver- 
mont. 

These matters will be taken up later in greater detail, but the 
facts mentioned are sufficient to show that instead of being a sterile 
region, Vermont is one of the most fertile regions to be found in the 
entire United States. Proximity to the great cities of the nation, the 
best markets in the world, is an asset of great value to Vermont. The 
state is not dependent upon a single railroad, but it is served by some 
of the most important railroad systems of the country, and the Cham- 
plain valley has the added benefit of water transportation to the 
seaboard. 

Professor Farrington was correct in asserting that the cheapness 
of land was one of the attractions which Vermont agricalture offered 
to a person seeking a good farm investment. There are several reasons 
wily Vermont farms are quoted so much lower per acre in the census 
returns than the lands of the prairie states. Many Vermont farms 
contain a considerable forest area, and pasture land too rough for 
tillage. The forests not only furnish timber but often contain good 
maple sugar orchards. The sweet, verdant pastures make possible 
the high rank which Vermont holds as a dairy state, but these lands 
are not appraised as high as fields that may be tilled. 

From the beginning Vermont ers have been pioneers. Every state west 
of Lake Champlain has received a goodly number of citizens from 
the Green mountain state, who have been attracted by the opening 
of a new region. The lure of the city has been a strong attraction for 
many, with tales of great fortunes to be won. Now the tide has turned. 
Prices of agricultural products are materially higher than they were 
twenty or thirty years ago. Farmers are learning to till the soil more 
intensively and more scientifically. Prices of Vermont farms are rising 
and will continue to rise in all probability, for they are altogether too 
low, judged by what these farms produce and by the still greater 
amount that they may be made to produce. Persons desiring to take 
advantage of the low prices of Vermont farms should not delay in 
securing an option as prices must continue to advance according 
to all generally accepted financial rules. 



Back to the East 



Back to the East 

More and more the attention of seekers for agricultural oppor- 
tunities is being turned back to the East as a region offering on the 
whole more than any other section of the country to the farmer who has 
ambition and energy, but not the capital sufficient to pay fancy prices 
for land. Not only are the prices for farm lands in the Central West 
so high that it is difficult for the young man to purchase a homestead 
in that section, but it is also reported that these fertile prairies are 
showing signs of exhausted fertility. 

In respect to all the fundamental requirements of soil, markets 
and prices, Vermont has so much to offer that no farmer seeking the 
most and the best for his money can afford to ignore them. Vermont 
is one of the best states in the Union in which to establish a home. 
The home surroundings and advantages consititute a most important 
factor and one that cannot easily be estimated in dollars and cents. 
Vermont has good schools, good churches, good roads, a healthful 
climate, a large mileage of telephone lines, extensive rural free delivery 
of mails, a large number of Grange organizations, delightful scenery, 
and all those things that make every day life pleasant and desirable. 

Facts From The Census 

A few preliminary facts may be considered profitably before a 
more detailed description of Vermont's agricultural advantages is 
given. Vermont's area is 9,564 square miles. The population of the 
state, as reported by the census of 1910, was 355,956. The percentage 
of the land area of Vermont in farms is 79.9. 

The rural population of Vermont is 52 per cent of the total 
population. 

The number of farms in Vermont in 1910 was 32,709. 

The average value of farm property in Vermont m 1910 was 
$4,445. 

The average number of acres in a Vermont farm in 1910 was 
142.6. 

The value of all farm property in Vermont in 1910 was $145,- 
399,728. 

The value of all crops in Vermont in 1909 was $27,446,836. 

The total value of farm property in Vermont increased during 
the last census decade 34.1 per cent. 

The value of all crops in Vermont increased during the past 
decade 51 per cent. 

The average value of Vermont farm land per acre increased 
during the past decade 29.1 per cent. 

The value of Vermont livestock on farms in 1910 was $22,642,766, 
representing an increase of 26.9 per cent during the decade. 

In 1910 Vermont had 430,314 cattle on farms, or nearlv one-third 
of all the cattle in New England. 



Q Vermont Farms 



In 1910 Vermont had 265,483 dairy cows, being surpassed by 
twenty-five states in number of cows and by fourteen states in value 
of all dairy products. 

In 1910 Vermont had 80,781 horses, valued at $8,591,357. 

In 1910 Vermont had 94,821 swine, valued at $974,779. 

In 1910 Vermont had 118,551 sheep, valued at $538,991. 

In 1910 Vermont had 938,524 fowls, valued at $607,787. 

In 1910 Vermont had 10,215 colonies of bees, valued at $44,349. 

The following statement regarding Vermont soils and the newly 
employed agricultural advisers has been prepared for this book by 
Prof. J- L. Hills, Dean of the State Agricultural College of Vermont. 

Concerning Vermont Soils 

"The phrases 'Vermont agriculture' and 'abandoned farms', spell 
the same thing to many people. Newspapers outside the state are apt 
to refer to Vermont's farming operations in dismal terms. Such treat- 
ment is unjust, for the present outlook is encouraging and the future 
prospects bright. Few farms are abandoned save in those localities 
where modern farming operations are, as the physician would say, 
counter-indicated. The reversion of some Vermont farms of two gen- 
erations ago to forest conditions is a cause for congratulation, and not 
for condolence. They were never meant by the Almighty to be farms, 
and the men who wrested them originally from the forests were 
working against His plans. In the valleys and on the lower hill slopes 
agriculture may be, and is being, conducted successfully and profitably. 
On such areas, Vermont soil is not exhausted, though it may be 
temporarily weary. 

"Vermont soil is inherently fertile. The detritus of the granitic 
rocks of the Green mountain range, ground in the mighty mills of 
the old-time glacier, sorted by the rushing waters which followed its 
melting, commingled with the debris of thousands of years of un- 
harvested vegetation, worked over by heat and by cold, by wind and 
by wave, by water and by ice, by frost and by snow, by flood and by 
rain and by the multitudinous effects of the weather throughout the 
ages past. It has made of this fair state a more fertile land than some 
of her less favored sisters. Not for naught are our mountains verdure 
clad. Not idly, not without a reason, is Vermont called the Green 
mountain state in contradistinction to her Eastern neighbor, the 
Granite state. Alone among the states, save Florida, her very name 
bespeaks ferility. Ver-mont means 'green mountain,' and her 
mountains are 'verdure clad hillsides,' because the soil upon them 
is naturally fertile. 

"Not only did Nature endow her richly in this respect, but her 
bounty has not been as prodigally wasted as in some other sections. 
This statement is made advisedly, and has this firm basis in reason; 
that for generations Vermont has been a dairy state, a butter-making 
section. In no other state in the Union are there so many cows crowded 



Concerning Vermont Soils 



upon so small arable area. She far outclasses all her sisters in this 
respect. As a natural correlary of this condition several things follow, 
namely : 

(1) Her crops are fed at home, and not removed from the farm 
or the locality, and this to a larger extent than obtains anywhere else 
in our broad land. 

(2) Large grain purchases are naturally made in order to main- 
tain the evenness of the milk flow. 

(3) Butter sales remove but a minute amount of fertility from 
the farm, a ton carrying barely fifty cents' worth. 

'^All this means that Vermont farmers have for generations kept 
their fertility upon their own farms, and sold but little of it. The 
cotton farmer and the grain farmer sell the very essence of their 
real estate. The man who sells butter, however, sells elements gathered 
from the air and not from the soil. It furthermore means that for 
two generations these thrifty Vermonters have translocated fertility 
in the shape of cottonseed meal from the South and wheat bran, 
middlings and mixed feed from the West, to place upon their Vermont 
fields in the form of manure. Naturally fertile, the methods of 
Vermont farming have tended to increase and not to decrease the 
plant food content of her soils, and large areas are, as a consequence, 
richer today even than they were at the outset. 

"Vermont's topography is irregular. Barely one-third of her 
entire land area is made up of pasture (of the better sort), of mowings 
and of plowed fields: nearly two-thirds of her area is occupied by 
wood-lots, forest areas and rough lands. Such as is good, is good; 
such as it not adapted to agricultural purposes is largely covered by 
forests, is being set out to forests, or is reverting to forests. The 
proportion of improved lands, however, notwithstanding topographical 
irregularities, is decidedly greater than is found in either Maine or 
New Hampshire; somewhat greater than is found in IMassachusetts or 
Rhode Island; and is essentialh^ the same as that occurring in Con- 
necticut. 

"No systematic soil survey has been made in Vermont, save 
one carried out some ten years ago by the Bureau of Soils of the 
United States Department of Agriculture, which mapped out an area 
of the lake towns in Addison count}^ from Ferrisburg to Orwell 
stretching back about ten miles from Lake Champlain. This area 
includes perhaps the largest area of soils of relatively even character; 
and yet it covered in all but a little more than two per cent of the 
entire area of the state. It established nine distinct soil types, the 
most important being a clay and two sandy loams. Hay was found 
to be the most important crop grown on the heavier soil. It grew 
at the rate of approximately a ton to the acre, but the survey developed 
the fact that — when properly handled — it was easily capable of grow- 
ing two or more tons to the acre. This soil makes an excellent pasture 
soil, but is ill adapted to the growth of corn. The stony loams were 



8 Vermont Farms 



found to be well fitted to apple orcharding, and to some extent to be 
thus used. They do not lend themselves well to the growth of corn 
or hay and are largely occupied by pasture or wood lot, save where 
orcharding obtains.* 

''The alluvial and bench lands of the river beds, the valley soils 
in general, are fertile; and these valleys ramify in all directions. 
Vermont is full of valleys. It has been said that while the Almighty 
can do anything, there is one thing which even He cannot do, and that 
is to make two ranges of mountains without a valley in between. Con- 
siderable upland soil in Vermont is of a strong character, and, if not 
acid produces well. If it is found to be acid, liming tends to remedy 
the situation. 

Agricultural Advisers 

In another important respect Vermont is far ahead of other 
New England states. At the present writing there are in five Vermont 
counties — Bennington, Windham, Windsor, Orange and Caledonia — 
local agricultural advisers; and in three other counties — Rutland, 
Franklin and Orleans — steps have been taken looking towards the em- 
ployment of similar agents, who doubtless will be employed within 
a comparatively short time. This will make eight of the fourteen 
counties thus supplied. These local agricultural advisers are employed 
jointly by an organization of the farmers and business men of the 
county, by the Office of Farm Management of the United States 
Department of Agriculture, and by the College of Agriculture of the 
University of Vermont. Their functions are purely advisory, and 
purely local. They are at the service of the farmers in their 
respective counties, going on call and without charge to advise them 
as to their farming operations. Differing in this respect from the 
'absent treatment' often applied by the officials of the State College 
of Agriculture, they are, in the slang phrase, agricultural 'Johnnies 
on the spot, 'Johnnies who are farm born and farm raised, educated at 
an agricultural college, experienced in farming operations after leaving 
college, up-to-date, wide-awake, well informed. This system is in 
vogue in no other New England state at present, and few states in 
the Union are as well covered by this sort of public service as is 
Vermont. A Vermont farmer, actual or prospective, can get in touch 
with his local adviser, and without charge get the benefit of his judg- 
ment as to any matter which perplexes him concerning his agricultural 
operations. It goes without saying that the longer the local agent 
resides in a county and gains local experience, the better fitted is he 
to proffer a judgment which is thoroughly safe. Prospective settlers 
in Vermont may well take into account this important factor, which 
should tend to improve the likelihood of their success in gaining a foot- 
hold in their new location." 



*See 6th Report, Bureau of Soils, U. S. D. A. (1904) 



Expert Aid For Farmers 



Expert Aid For Farmers 

Hon. E. S. Brigham, State Commissioner of Agriculture, prepared 
an article not long ago for the New England Homestead as a part of 
a symposium on "New England's County Demonstration Farms." 
This article was written evidently before the one prepared by Profes- 
sor Hills for this book, and at the time when it was written less work 
had been accomplished than when Professor Hills' article was fur- 
nished, but it contains matters of much importance bearing on the 
same general subject, and is given herewith: 

"I think Vermont is ahead of her sister New England states in 
this expert movement. Three of our counties, Windsor, Benningl'. n 
and Orange, are organized and have raised a sufficient sum of money 
in the county to enable them to secure the Burt Ball fund of $1000 
from Chicago, and to secure the assistance of the department of agri- 
culture to the extent of $100 per month. Windsor county secured 
the services of J. Coryell, headquarters White River Junction, Vt. 
Bennington county is served by Mr. Sherman, headquarters at Man- 
chester. Orange coointy, to my knowledge, has not yet employed a 
man. On the strength of the expectation that an additional appro- 
priation w^ould pass the last Congress, a number of additional counties 
in Vermont organized county farm bureaus and raised a sum of money. 
Franklin county had subscribed February 20 the sum of $1500. 
Lamoille county had organized with C. F. Smith as president of the 
bureau, but I do not know the state of affairs there at present. Rutland 
county has organized and seems to have raised a large sum of money. 
Orleans county is planning to effect an organization. Windham county 
has organized and has a sum of $2000 raised. The failure of Congress 
to pass a larger appropriation has caused a temporary halt in the 
proceedings. Most of our counties are not able to finance the proposi- 
tion with simply the assistance of the Burt Ball fund. Rutland county, 
how^ever, intends to forge ahead and raise a sum of $6000 in the 
county to finance the movement at once. Caledonia county is also 
organized. 

"I believe that the organization in all our counties will be kept 
intact, and that as soon as Congress increases the appropriation so 
that the department of agriculture can help to the extent of $100 per 
month, all the counties I have enumerated will be ready to begin work. 
Our other counties have manifested interest to some extent, and I 
believe it will be but a question of a short time when all our Vermont 
counties will have these experts at work. I believe it is a good thing 
for the state, and it is gratifying that our people have taken such an 
interest in this matter. 

"Our last legislature passed an act enabling towns in the county 
to vote a sum of money at the annual town meeting for the support 
of a county expert. One of the counties, Orange, raised a good part of 
the money at this last town meeting. In so far as I know the other 



^Q Vermont Farms 



towns have raised the money by private subscriptions. For instance, 
in our home county, a man appointed to solicit funds in the town of 
Berkshire spent four days driving among his neighbors and raised 
$180 in $2 subscriptions. I believe this is the most favorable kind of 
solicitation, because if a campaign is waged in this way the farmers 
generally have it brought to their attention, and if they are impressed 
with the proposition to the extent that they will participate in the 
w^ay of giving funds, they will feel a greater personal interest in the 
expert and will utilize his services more than if the whole thing came 
as a free gift from w^ealthy men." 

The Commissioner of Agriculture has interested himself particu- 
larly in such important matters as markets and the obtaining of a 
supply of farm labor. 

DAIHYTNG 

Dairying constitutes one of the principal features of Vermont 
agriculture. Briefly stated, the census figures show that m 1909 Ver- 
mont produced on farms and in factories 35,393,187 pounds of butter 
and 3,008,540 pounds of cheese. In addition to this amount 13,342,666 
pounds of condensed milk were manufactured. The value of all 
Vermont's dairy products in 1909 is given by the census as $12,128,465. 

There were 15,165,692 pounds of butter made on farms and 
27,256,877 pounds of butter made in factories. There were 245,884 
pounds of cheese made on farms and 2,762,656 pounds of cheese made 
in factories. In the manufacture of butter, cheese and condensed 
milk in factories in 1909, Vermont ranked ninth in number and tenth 
in value of products. In 1909 Vermont ranked seventeenth in aggre- 
gate amount of butter made on farms and in factories and ninth in 
the aggregate amount of cheese made on farms and in factories. 

Although Vermont is only a little state, having an area of less 
than ten thousand square miles, it outranks in the aggregate amount 
of dairy products many states much larger. When its comparative size 
is taken into account, it easily leads the Union as tables compiled from 
census reports and embodied in this article will show. 

The headquarters of two of the great dairy organizations of the 
county, the Holstein-Friesian Association and the Ayrshire Breeders' 
Association, are located in Vermont, the former at Brattleboro and the 
latter at Brandon, and the president of the American Jersey Cattle 
Club is a Vermonter, Elmer A. Darling of Burke. 

Vermont stands at the head of the list in number of cow testing 
associations, this state and New York being tied for first place in 
number of associations w^hen the last report was made. When the 
unprofitable cows are liminated from our herds it will be possible 
for Vermont to make a showing much better even than the excellent 
record just quoted. There are splendid opportunities for dairying 
in this state. Vermont butter already has won a high reputation in 
the great produce markets and to engage in dairying in Vermont is to 



Raising Beef Cattle 11 



follow one of the lines of least resistance. The Vermont Dairymen's 
Association is said to be the largest of its kind in the country and one 
of the very oldest. 

Milk Shipments 

It is not possible to obtain exact information regarding the ship- 
ments of milk out of this state, but it is carried on at the present time 
upon a large scale. This business has grown up largely within a few 
years. It is impossible at the present time to say how much milk was 
shipped out of the state when the census figures for dairying were 
compiled in 1910, or how much, if any, reduction in Vermont's pro- 
duction of butter and cheese has resulted from such shipments. 

The bulk of the freight business of Vermont is done by three lines 
of railroad, although several other roads do considerable Vermont 
business in the aggregate. One of the most important railroads in 
Vermont reports that in 1912 it shipped out of the state 1261 cars of 
milk, each car containing 300 ten-gallon cans, 1377 ten-gallon cans in 
smaller lots and 18,584 ten-gallon cans of cream. This amounts to 
3,796,770 gallons of milk and 185,840 gallons of cream or 15,187,080 
quarts of milk and 743,360 quarts of cream. Another impor.c.nL 
Vermont railroad reports that it shipped out of the state during the 
year 1912, 1833 cars of milk, each car containing 300 ten-gallon cans, 
and cream shipments, amounting to 31.63 cars, each containing 300 ten- 
gallon cans. This represents 5,499,000 gallons of milk, or 21,996,000 
quarts, and 94,890 gallons, or 1,122,920 quarts of cream. These two 
reports, therefore, represent 37,183,080 quarts of milk, and 1,866,280 
quarts of cream. Assuming that the third railroad, which did not 
report, carried an equal amount — and the other railroads which do a 
smaller amount of business are likely to bring the total above rather 
than below the figures quoted — it may be safe to credit the third 
railroad with shipping 18,600,000 quarts of milk and 930,000 quarts of 
cream. This w^ould represent practically 56,000,000 quarts of milk 
and 2,800,000 quarts of cream shipped out of Vermont in 1912. While 
it is not claimed that these figures give more than an approximate idea 
of the extent of the shipments of milk and cream, it will be seen that 
these shipments are very large when the other branches of Vermont's 
dairy industry are taken into consideration. 

Raising Beef Cattle 

There are also good opportunities in Verm.ont to produce beef 
cattle. President E. T. Fairchild of New Hampshire State College, 
in his inaugural address, recently called attention to the fact that 
there were six millions fewer cattle in this country now than there 
were ten years ago, while there are ten millions more people to be 
added to the consumers of beef. 

The manager of one of the largest farms in this state, believing in 
the use of stable manures for maintaining soil fertility, and desiring 



12 Vermont Farms 



to have stock enough to consume the hay and roughage grown on the 
farm, in August, 1911, bought a carload of yearling beef steers in 
Chicago. On arrival they were turned out to pasture where they re- 
mained until fall. During the winter season they were yarded and 
fed all the hay and roughage they would eat, but no grain. In the 
spring of 1912 they were again turned out to pasture where they re- 
mained until fall. Then they were taken up and fed for the purpose 
of fattening, being sold during January and February of this year 
at a good profit. They were fat, handsome, two-year-old beef and 
brought top prices. The experiment was so satisfactory that another 
lot of seventy-five head has been bought and the process will be re- 
peated, being considered more profitable than the selling of hay and 
forage. That the raising of cattle is likely to be profitable for an in- 
definite period, is indicated in an address recently delivered by J. A. 
Spoor, chairman of the board of directors of the Union Stockyards at 
Chicago. He summed up the whole situation as follows : 

"1. There is a world shortage of cattle and cheap beef is the 
thing of the past. 

"2. The farmers and stock raisers of the United States have 
nothing to fear in the way of cattle or beef competition, from either 
Mexico, Canada or South America during the next decade or longer. 

"3. Henceforth the corn belt farms must be looked to more 
than ever before for our domestic beef supply or else the American 
people must face a beef famine. 

"4:. To save the calves and to breed and raise more and better 
cattle on their farms, is not only a duty which the corn belt farmers 
owe to their country, but also a necessity for preservation of the 
declining fertility of their own lands." 

With Vermont's superior pasture land and the ability to raise 
large crops of corn, an excellent opportunity is afforded, not only to 
increase the dairying industry, but also to raise beef cattle in consider- 
able quantities for a market in which the demand exceeds the supply. 

Briefly stated, Vermont's advantages as a dairy state are her 
shady and well watered hill pastures, her sweet and nutritious grasses 
in great abundance, her large acreage of forage crops, and her 
numerous silos. 

"While the principal breeds of dairy cows in Vermont are Holsteins, 
Jerseys, Ayrshires and Durhams, several other breeds are well repre- 
sented. The Brown Swiss cow ''Hirz," in the Speedwell Farms herd 
at Lyndon, Vt., owned by T. N. Vail, has a record of producing 14,067 
pounds of milk and 723 pounds of butter in one year. 

Following are some tables based on United States census figures, 
giving practical illustrations of Vermont's standing as a dairy state: 



Ratio of Dairy Cows to Population in 1909 



Alabama 


1 


to 5.4 


Nebraska 


1 to 1.9 


Arizona 


1 


to 7.0 


Nevada 


1 to 4.7 


Arkansas 


1 


to 3.6 


New Hampshire 


1 to 4.2 


California 


1 


to 5.0 


New Jersey 


1 to 16.4 


Colorado 


1 


to 5.5 


New Mexico 


1 to 6.3 


Connecticut 


1 


to 9.0 


New York 


1 to 6.0 


Delaware 


1 


to 5.6 


North Carolina 


1 to 7.1 


Florida 


1 


to 6.4 


North Dakota 


1 to 2.2 


Georgi.i 


1 


to 6.4 


Ohio 


1 to 5.2 


Idaho 


1 


to 8.7 


Oklahoma 


1 to 3.1 


Illinois 


1 


to 5.3 


Oregon 


1 to 3.8 


Indiana 


1 


to 4.2 


Pennsylvania 


' 1 to 8.2 


Iowa 


1 


to 1.5 


Rhode Island 


1 to 23.2 


Kansas 


1 


to 2.2 


South Carolina 


1 to 8.3 


Kentucky 


1 


to 5.5 


South Dakota 


1 to 1.5 


Louisiana 


1 


to 5.9 


Tennessee 


1 to 5.5 


Maine 


1 


to 4.7 


Texas 


1 to 3.8 


Maryland 


1 


to 7.1 


Utah 


1 to 4.9 


Massachusetts 


1 to 19.5 


Vermont 


1 to 1.3 


Michigan 


1 


to 3.6 


Virginia 


1 to 5.7 


Minnesota 


1 


to 1.9 


Washington 


1 to 6.1 


Mississippi 


1 


to 4.1 


West Virginia 


1 to 5.0 


IMissouri 


1 


to 3.8 


Wisconsin 


1 to 1.5 


^lontana 


1 


to 4.8 


Wvoming 


1 to 4.4 




Pounds of Butter 


Per Capita in 1909 




Alabama 


(No record) 


Nebraska 


41.9 


Arizona 




6.7 


Nevada 


17.6 


Arkansas 




19.8 


New Hampshire 


15.8 


California 




22.1 


New Jersey 


1.7 


Colorado 




15.2 


New Mexico 


(No record) 


Connecticut 




4.8 


New York 


7.6 


Delaware 




10.8 


North Carolina 


11.8 


Florida 




2.2 


North Dakota 


34.8 


Georgia 




10.4 


Ohio 


17.0 


Idaho 




18.1 


Oklahoma 


18.8 


Illinois 




12.6 


Oregon 


21.0 


Indiana 




20.3 


Pennsylvania 


11.9 


Iowa 




57.2 


Rhode Island 


(No record) 


Kansas 




28.5 


South Carolina 


8.1 


Kentucky 




16.8 


South Dakota 


39.6 


Louisiana 


(No record) 


Tennessee 


18.2 


Maine 




20.7 


Texas 


17.2 


Maryland 




7.6 


Utah 


16.6 


Massachusetts 




1.5 


Vermont 


96.6 


Michigan 




30.5 


Virginia 


13.0 


Minnesota 




59.5 


Washington 


15.8 


Mississippi 




15.9 


West Virginia 


(No record) 


Missouri 




15.9 


Wisconsin 


56.0 


Montana 




10.9 


Wyoming 


13.5 



Pounds of Butter Per Farm, 1909 



Alabama 


(No record) 


Nebraska 




385.2 


Arizona 


149.5 


Nevada 




536.8 


Arkansas 


150.3 


New Hampshire 




728.5 


California 


596.2 


New Jersey 




131.1 


Colorado 


264.4 


New Mexico 


(No 


record) 


Connecticut 


203.2 


New York 




321.7 


Delaware 


202.1 


North Carolina 




102.6 


Florida 


34.0 


North Dakota 




270.2 


Georgia 


93.8 


Ohio 




297.9 


Idaho 


191.4 


Oklahoma 




163.8 


Illinois 


286.5 


Oregon 




310.7 


Indiana 


254.7 


Pennsylvania 




417.8 


Iowa 


586.3 


Rhode Islanc. 


(No 


record) 


Kansas 


271.6 


South Carolina 




42.3 


Kentucky 


149.2 


South Dakota 




297.8 


Louisiana 


(No record) 


Tennessee 




161.8 


Maine 


256.6 


Texas 




115.4 


Maryland 


201.5 


Utah 




286.9 


Massachusetts 


142.2 


Vermont 




1112.6 


Michigan 


415.1 


Virginia 




145.6 


Minnesota 


791.3 


Washington 




321.2 


Mississippi 


104.7 


West Virginia 


(No 


record) 


Missouri 


188.8 


Wisconsin 




740.0 


Montana 


157.4 


Wyoming 




179.8 


Average Number of Pounds of Butter Per Cow Produced 


IN 1909 


Alabama 


(No record) 


Nebraska 




81.3 


Arizona 


47.8 


Nevada 




85.0 


Arkansas 


71.0 


New Hampshire 




67 


California 


112.5 


New Jersey 




28.4 


Colorado 


84.3 


New Mexico 


(No 


record) 


Connecticut 


44.3 


New York 




45.9 


Delaware 


61.3 


North Carolina 




84.3 


Florida 


14.6 


North Dakota 




75.5 


Georgia 


67.0 


Ohio 




89.5 


Idaho 


68.3 


Oklahoma 




58.7 


Illinois 


67.7 


Oregon 




81.9 


Indiana 


. 86.6 


Pennsylvania 




98.1 


Iowa 


83.4 


Rhode Island 


(No 


record) 


Kansas 


65.6 


South Carolina 




68.1 


Kentucky 


94.3 


South Dakota 




62.5 


Louisiana 


(No record) 


Tennessee 




100.2 


Maine 


98.2 


Texas 




66.2 


Maryland 


59.0 


Utah 




82.0 


Massachusetts 


30.5 


Vermont 




133.3 


Michigan 


112.0 


Virginia 




75.2 


Minnesota 


113.8 


Washington 




96.9 


Mississippi 


66.8 


West Virginia 


(No 


record) 


Missouri 


61.1 


Wisconsin 




88.9 


Montana 


53.2 


Wyoming 




60.4 



All Cattle Per Square Mile in 1909 



Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

IMissouri 

Montana 



Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

EJansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 



17 Nebraska 


35 


7 Nevada 


4 


19 New Hampshire 


18 


13 New Jersey 


28 


10 New Mexico 


9 


39 New York 


43 


26 North Carolina 


13 


14 North Dakota 


10 


18 Ohio 


44 


5 Oklahoma 


27 


43 Oregon 


7 


37 Pennsylvania 


35 


79 Rhode Island 


27 


37 South Carolina 


12 


24 South Dakota 


19 


16 Tennessee 


21 


7 Texas 


26 


23 Utah 


4 


20 Vermont 


45 


25 Virginia 


22 


28 Washington 


5 


21 West Virginia 


25 


36 Wisconsin 


47 


6 Wyoming 


7 


Per Square Mile in 1909 




7.4 Nebraska 


7.9 


0.2 Nevada 


0.1 


7.9 New Hampshire 


10.8 


2.9 New Jersey 


19.7 


1.3 New Mexico 


0.4 


24.6 New York 


30.7 


17.4 North Carolina 


5.9 


1.9 North Dakota 


3.6 


6.8 Ohio 


22.0 


1.1 Oklahoma 


7.5 


18.5 Oregon 


1.7 


17.4 Pennsylvania 


20.6 


25.0 Rhode Island 


18.6 


8.9 South Carolina 


5.8 


10.1 South Dakota 


4.7 


5.5 Tennessee 


9.4 


4.7 Texas 


3.8 


13.6 Utah 


0.8 


20.6 Vermont 


27.7 


13.0 Virginia 


8.3 


13.0 Washington 


2.6 


9.1 West Virginia 


9.6 


12.3 Wisconsin 


26.2 


0.5 Wyoming 


0.3 



16 



Vermont Farms 



CROP YIELDS 

Vermont has no reason to apologize for her crop yields when com- 
pared with those of other states, although it is true that more intensive 
cultivation and a wider use of scientific methods of agriculture would 
make Vermont farms still more fruitful. The following tables which 
show the average yield per acre, the average price per bushel, ton or 
pounds, and the average returns per acre for the period 1870-1909 
and 1910-1912 for nine staple crops, both for Vermont and for the 
United States, taken from the United States census reports and crop 
statistics issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, show 
how far the Vermont average exceeds the United States average in 
almost every instance: 



Average Yield, Price And Returns Per Acre of Staple Crops in 
United States And Vermont, 1870-1909 



United States 

CORN 

Average yield per acre 25.2 bu. 

Average price $ 0.408 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $10,281 

v^heat 

Average yield per acre > 12.9 bu. 

Average price $ 0.813 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $10,487 

oats 

Average yield per acre 27.6 bu. 

Average price $ 0.322 per bu. 

Ayerage returns per acre .... $ 8.887 

BARLEY 

Average yield per acre 23.3 bu. 

Average price $ 0.551 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $12,838 

RYE 

Average yield per acre 14. bu. 

Average price $ 0.604 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $ 8.456 

potatoes 

Average yield per acre 83. bu. 

Average price $. 0.527 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $43,741 

BUCKV^HEAT 

Average yield per acre 16.5 bu. 

Average price $ 0.612 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $10,098 



Vermont 

35.6 bu. 
$ 0.687 

$24,457 

19.0 bu. 
$ 1.112 

$21,128 

35.1 bu. 
$ 0.435 

$15,268 

27.3 bu. 
$ 0.69 
$18,837 

15.9 bu. 

$ 0.782 
$12,433 

112.5 bu. 
$ 0.492 

21.9 bu. 
$ 0.572 
$12,526 



Average Yield of Crops 17 

United States Vermont 

HAY 

Average yield per acre 1.28 tons 1.15 tons 

Average price $ 9.33 per ton $10,465 

Average returns per acre .... $11,942 $12,034 

TOBACCO 

Average yield per acre 747.6 lbs. 1533.7 lbs. 

Average price $ 0.081 per lb. $ 0.153 

Average returns per acre .... $60,555 $234,656 

Average returns per acre for all crops 

United States, $19,676. 

Vermont, $45,187. 

Average Yield, Price And Returns Per Acre of Staple Crops in 
United States And Vermont 1910-1912 . 

United States Vermont 

CORN 

Average yield per acre 26.9 bu. 41.3 bu. 

Average price $ 0.528 per bu. $ 0.726 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $14,203 $29,983 

spring wheat 

Average yield per acre 12.5 bu. 27.3 bu. 

Average price $ 0.816 per bu. $1.00 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $10.20 $27.30 

OATS 

Average yield per acre 31.1 bu. 39.8 bu. 

Average price $ 0.371 per bu. $ 0.523 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $11,538 $20,875 

BARLEY 

Average yield per acre 24.4 bu. 32.1 bu. 

Average price $ 0.65 per bu. $ 0.766 per bu. 

A/verage returns per acre .... $15.86 $24,588 

RYE 

Average yield per acre 16.1 bu. 20 bu. 

Average price $ 0.736 per bu. $ 0.90 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $11,849 $18.00 

POTATOES 

Average yield per acre 96. bu. 125 bu. 

Average price $ 0.62 per bu. $ 0.596 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $59.52 $74.50 

BUCKWHEAT 

Average yield per acre 21.5 bu. 26.1 bu. 

Average price $ 0.622 per bu. $ 0.756 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $14,663 . .$19,731 

HAY 

Average yield per acre 1.32 tons 1.38 tons 

Average price $12.74 per ton $13.46 per ton 

Average returns per acre .... $16,816 $18,574 



18 Vermont Farms 



United States Vermont 

TOBACCO 

Average yield per acre 828.9 lbs. 1666.6 lbs. 

Average price $ 0.098 per lb. $ 0.163 per lb. 

Average returns per acre .... $81,232 $271,655 

Average returns per acre for all crops 1910-1912 

United States, $26,209. 

Vermont, $56,467. 

Value of all Crops Per Capita of Rural Population in 1909 

Alabama $ 81.62 Nebraska $222.52 

Arizona $ 38-95 Nevada $ 86.46 

Arkansas $ 87.78 New Hampshire $ 91.04 

California $168.65 New Jersey $ 64.03 

Colorado $129.31 New Mexico $ 31.78 

Connecticut $195.60 New York $108.48 

Delaware $ 86.66 North Carolina .... $ 75.69 

Florida $ 67.73 North Dakota $351.55 

Georgia $109.44 Ohio $109.58 

Idaho . $134.36 Oklahoma $ 99.81 

Illinois $172.21 Oregon $134.09 

Indiana $130.50 Pennsylvania $ 54.94 

Iowa $203.70 Rhode Island $219.26 

Kansas $179.47 South Carolina $110.01 

Kentucky- $ 80.24 South Dakota $247.44 

Louisiana $ 66.67 Tennessee $ 69.92 

Maine $108.93 Texas $ 42.40 

Maryland $ 68.93 Utah $ 92.23 

Massachusetts $132.53 Vermont $146.76 

Michigan $ 74.94 Virginia $ 63.42 

Minnesota $157.88 Washington $147.14 

Mississippi $ 92.66 West Virginia $ 40.66 

Missouri $116.47 Wisconsin $111.58 

Montana $122.46 Wyoming $ 30.50 

Vermont And Iowa Compared 

Director of the Census Durand said in a recent magazine article 
that Iowa, perhaps, is the greatest farming state in the Union, and 
that Iowa is second to Illinois in value of farm products, yet Iowa 
is more typically an agricultural state. This statement being made 
on such high authority, it may be of interest to compare crop yields 
and crop values in Vermont with those of Iowa. The first comparison 
will be for the forty-year period, 1870 to 1909, inclusive. 

Iowa Vermont 

CORN 

Average yield per acre ' 32 bu. 35.6 bu. 

Average price $ 0.302 per bu. $ 0.687 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $ 9.664 $24,457 



Average Yield of Crops 



19 



Iowa Vermont 

WHEAT 

Average yield per acre 12.6 bu. 19. bu. 

Average price $ 0.697 per bu. $ 1.112 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $ 8.782 $21,128 

oats 

Average yield per acre 31.8 bu. 35.1 bu. 

Average price $ 0.247 per bu. $ 0.435 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $ 7.854 $15,268 

BARLEY 

Average yield per acre 23.8 bu. 27.3 bu. 

Average price $ 0.425 per bu. $ 0.69 per bu. 

Average returns per acre $10,115 $18,837 

RYE 

Average yield per acre 16.3 bu. 15.9 bu. 

Average price $ 0.472 per bu. $ 0.782 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $ 7.693 $12,433 

potatoes 

Average yield per acre 82.2 bu. 112.5 bu. 

Average price $ 0.455 per bu. $ 0.492 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $37,401 $55.35 

BUCKWPIEAT 

Average yield per acre 14.4 bu. 21.9 bu. 

Average pric^e $ 0.665 per bu. $ 0.572 per bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $ 9.576 $12,526 

HAY 

Average yield per acre 1.39 tons 1.15 tons 

Average price $ 5.61 per ton $10,465 per ton 

Average returns per acre .... $ 7.797 $12,034 

Average returns per acre for eight staple crops mentioned. 

Iowa, $12.36. 

Vermont, $21,504. 

The following comparisons are for the years since 1909. 

Iowa Vermont 

CORN 

Yield per acre in 1912 43. bu. 40. bu. 

Average yield per acre in 1909- ' 

1912 36.8 bu. 41 bu. 

Average returns per acre 15.89 $29.80 

Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.35 per bu. $ 0.72 per bu. 

Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.432 per bu. $ 0.727 per bu. 

SPRING WHEAT 

Yield per acre in 1912 17. bu. 25. bu. 

Average yield per acre in 1909- 

1912 16.1 bu. 24. bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $13.84 $25.20 

Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.78 per bu. $ 0.98 per bu. 

Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.86 per bu. $1.05 per bu. 



20 



Vermont Farms 



Iowa 



Vermont 



BARLEY 



Yield per acre in 1912 31. bu. 35. bu. 

Average yield per acre in 1909- 

1912 25.4 bu. 30.8 bu. 

Average returns per acre $15.54 $23.62 

Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.52 per bu. $ 0.80 per bu. 

Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.612 per bu. $ 0.767 per bu. 

RYE 

Yield per acre in 1912 19. bu. 20. bu. 

Average yield per acre in 1909- 

1912 17.2 bu. 18.7 bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $11.43 $17.29 

Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.62 per bu. $ 0.90 per bu. 

Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.665 per bu. $ 0.925 per bu. 

BUCKWHEAT 

Yield per acre in 1912 19. bu. 30. bu. 

Average yield per acre in 1909- 

1912 16.1 bu. 25.2 bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $13.39 $19.07 

Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.75 per bu. $ 0.72 per bu. 

Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.832 per bu. $ 0.757 per bu. 

POTATOES 

Yield per acre in 1912 109. bu. 140. bu. 

Average yield per acre in 1909- 

1912 85.5 bu. 132.2 bu. 

Average returns per acre $50.01 $73.63 

Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.46 per bu. $ 0.55 per bu. 

Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.585 per bu. $ 0.557 per bu. 

OATS 

Yield per acre in 1912 44.2 bu. 43. bu. 

Average yield per acre in 1909- 

1912 33.7 bu. 37.3 bu. 

Average returns per acre .... $10.95 $19.28 

Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912. . $ 0.27 per bu. $ 0.48 per bu. 

Average price paid 1909-1912 . . $ 0.325 per bu. $0,517 per bu. 

HAY 

Yield per acre in 1912 1.40 tons 1.50 tons 

Average yield per acre in 1909- 

1912 

Average returns per acre .... 
Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 
Average price paid 1909-1912 

Other 



1.19 tons 
$ 11.51 

$ 9.50 per ton 
$ 9.675 per ton 

Comparisons 



1.30 tons 

$17.90 

$ 14.00 per ton 

$13,775 per ton 



The following are a few comparisons of Vermont crop yields and 
crop values with those of a few of the leading agricultural states of 
the Middle West, in addition to the Iowa comparisons: 



Other Comparisons 



21 



Vermont 
(1870-1909) 

AVERAGE YIELD AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE RETURNS 
PER ACRE 

Corn 35.6 bu. $ 0.687 per bu. 

Wheat 19. bu. $ 1.112 per bu. 

Oats 35.1 bu. $ 0.435 per bu. 

Barley 27.3 bu. $ 0.69 per bu. 

Rye 15.9 bu. $ 0.782 per bu. 

Potatoes 112.5 bu. $ 0.492 per bu. 

Buckwheat 21.9 bu. $ 0.572 per bu. 

Hay 1.15 tons $10,465 per ton 

Tobacco 1533.7 lbs. $ 0.153 per lb. 



PER ACRE 


$ 24.457 


$ 21.128 


$ 15.268 


$ 18.837 


$ 12.433 


$ 55.35 


$ 12.526 


$ 12.034 



$234,656 



Ohio 

(1870-1909) 

AVERAGE YIELD AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE RETURNS 



PER ACRE 

Corn 33.4 bu. 

Wheat 14.2 bu. 

Oats 30.7 bu. 

Barley 24.7 bu. 

Rye 14.5 bu. 

Potatoes 75. bu. 

Buckwheat 14.5 bu. 

Hay 1.24 tons 

Tobacco 849. lbs. 



$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 



0.412 
0.89 
0.317 
0.617 
0.61 
0.552 
$ 0.687 
$ 9.905 
$ 0.073 



per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per ton 
per lb. 



PER ACRE 

$ 13.76 
$ 12.639 
$ 9.731 
$ 15.239 

$ 8.845 
$ 41.40 
$ 9.861 
$ 12.282 
$ 61.977 



Indiana 

(1870-1909) 

AVERAGE YIELD AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE RETURNS 



PER ACRE 

Corn 31.8 bu. 

Wlieat 13.4 bu. 

Oats 27.4 bu. 

Barley 22.8 bu. 

Rye 13.7 bu. 

Potatoes 69.7 bu. 

Buckwheat 14.3 bu. 

Hav 1.28 tons 

Tobacco 728 lbs. 



$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 



0.367 
0.85 
0.297 
0.612 
0.585 
$ 0.552 
$ 0.667 
$ 9.037 
$ 0.066 



per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per bu. 
per ton 
per lb. 



PER ACRE 

$ 11.67 
$ 11.39 
$ 8.137 
$ 13.953 
$ 8.014 
$ 38.474 
$ 9.528 
$ 11.567 
$ 48.048 



22 Vermont Farms 



Illinois 

(1870-1909) 

AVERAGE YIELD AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE RETURNS 
PER ACRE PER ACRE 

Corn 30.8 bu. $ 0.347 per bu. $10,687 

Wheat 13.6 bu. $ 0.81 per bu. $ 11.016 

Oats 31.2 bu. $ 0.277 per bu. $ 8.642 

Barley 23.8 bu. $ 0.542 per bu. $ 12.899 

Rye 16.1 bu. $ 0.542 per bu. $ 8.726 

Potatoes 75.2 bu. $ 0.575 per bu. $ 43.24 

Buckwheat 13.6 bu. $ 0.692 per bu. $ 9.411 

Hay 1.30 tons $ 8.285 per ton $ 10.77 

Tobacco 676.7 lbs. $ 0.075 per lb. $ 50.725 

CORN 

The old days when cotton was king of American crops passed long 
ago. Today corn is king, with no rival to dispute his right to reign. 
Even in the South, where cotton w^as raised almost exclusively for 
many years, corn is now one of the principal crops, and some of the 
leading corn growing states of the Union are found in the South. 
People have become accustomed to the idea that corn can be grown 
successfully only in the Middle West. This idea is erroneous, and 
there are facts in abundance to prove this assertion. 

The Boston Transcript recently said: " 'Till Birnam Wood shall 
come to Dunsinane' was intended to phrase the immovability of rooted, 
growing things. Yet Birnam Wood came to Dunsinane for all that. 
And when we speak of the great 'corn belt' as being in the Mississippi 
valley, as we have habitually done for several decades, it does not ban- 
ish the possibility of the corn belt moving eastward, if not in the ratio 
of productivity per acre. This curious process has, in fact, begun. 
The New Englander migrated to the Middle West and applied himself 
to the business of corn raising. Now the business of corn raising is 
migrating back to New England. 

"This gradual and significant increase in New England's yield 
per acre of corn is the more curious to watch, inasmuch as we have 
been so long accustomed to think of corn in terms of the Middle West. 
Yet the Government crop reports of recent years show with all the 
precision of a geometrical theorem the increased and increasing yield 
within our own region until as long ago as 1910 the average yield per acre 
in the New England States was forty-six bushels, as against thirth-nine 
bushels per acre in Illinois and thirty-six bushels per acre in 
Iowa, long reputed to be the two leading states of the Middle West 
in the production of corn. What is more, the yield per acre in New 
England is steadily increasing; which brings us to the economic 
strategies of fertilizer. For when these rich Middle Western farms were 
new and needed no fertilizer, the leaner land of our New England 



Corn 23 

farms, which required dressing, could not compete. Within the last 
five years, however, Illinois has begun to use fertilizer (in common 
with other Mississippi states), which means that the farms of New 
England are once more on a competitive footing. They are more. 
They are close to the big Eastern markets and they are on the cis- 
Alpine side of the expensive freight haul over the Berkshire range. 
As lately as three years ago the average worth to a Maine farmer of 
an acre of corn was $32, as against $13.07 in Iowa. A large part of 
this difference lay in freight, some of it was to be accounted for by a 
surplus of production in Iowa and a part by Maine's proximity to the 
markets ; but the tendency is a fact and a significant one. ' ' 

The same logic applies to conditions in Vermont. Last year the 
average yield of bushels of corn per acre was the same in both Ver- 
mont and Maine. The scientists say that corn is a sub-tropical plant 
which possesses a quality peculiar to every variety to thrive best near 
the northern limits of its possible growth. It is certain that in recent 
years New England has been leading the United States in bushels of 
corn per acre. 

The story which government statistics tell concerning corn yields 
and prices in Vermont is both interesting and significant. Last year 
(1912) only eight states raised more bushels of corn per acre than 
Vermont. In 1911 the Vermont corn yield per acre was exceeded by six 
states, in 1910 by four states, in 1909 by six states. For a period of 
four years the average number of states raising more bushels of corn 
per acre than Vermont was only six. During these years Illinois and 
Iowa have led the Union in quantity of corn produced. Only once 
during this period has Illinois equaled the Vermont yield and only 
once has Iowa equaled or surpassed it. In 1912 Vermont's average 
yield was forty bushels per acre, while that of the United States was 
29.2 bushels. In 1911 the Vermont average was 41 bushels and that of 
the United States 23.9 bushels. 1910 the Vermont average was 43 
bushels and the United States average 27.7 bushels. In 1909 Vermont 
produced an average yield of 40 bushels, compared with an average 
yield of 25.9 bushels for the United States. Vermont's average yield 
for the four-year period is 41 bushels, while the United States shows 
an average of 26.6 bushels, or only a little more than half Vermont's 
average. Compared with Vermont's four-year average of 41 bushels 
per acre, Kansas shows an average yield for the period of 18.9 bushels ; 
Nebraska, 23.9 bushels; North Dakota, 23.1 bushels; Oklahoma, 11.7 
bushels; South Dakota, 26.2 bushels. 

The average price paid farmers for corn December 1st for the 
past four years was $0,777 in Vermont, and $0,541 for the entire 
country. 

As already shown, Vermont led the Union in bushels of corn per 
acre for the forty-j^ear period, 1870 to 1909 — not every year, but the 
Vermont average was the highest for the entire period. Vermont's 
average yield for the forty-year period was 35.6 bushels, compared 



24 Vermont Farms 



with an average of 25.2 bushels for the United States as a whole. The 
average price to farmers December 1st for the period was $0,687 
per bushel in Vermont and $0,408 per bushel for the entire 
country. The average returns of corn land per acre for 
the period was $24,457 in Vermont and less than half as much, or 
$10,281 for the whole country. 

These facts are indisputable proof that Vermont can raise more 
bushels of corn per acre than most of the states of the Union, and 
that prices paid in Vermont are larger than in most sections of the 
country. Of course the New England farms are smaller than many 
of those of the West, and for a considerable period corn is not likely 
to be raised in this section in any considerable quantity for shipment. 
The New England states with such a record of crop yield ought to raise 
their own corn, and yet in 1910 this group of states bought 11,000,000 
bushels of corn from the West. There are great opportunities in Ver- 
mont for raising corn for feeding purposes, thus avoiding the large 
expense of buying stock foods, and at the same time maintaining and 
building up the fertility of the soil. For several years a State Corn 
show has been held at Vv'indsor, Vt., in the big riding arena owned 
by F. A. Kennedy of New York, under the auspices of the Windsor 
County Y. M. C. A. Another State Corn Show will be held here 
November 5-7, 1913, and an attempt will be made to have the New 
England Corn Show held here in 1914. The last Legislature appro- 
priated $500 for this purpose. 

The Windsor County Y. M. C. A. has organized boys' corn clubs 
which have done excellent work. The Y. M. C. A. has purchased prize 
winning corn that it might be able to furnish high grade seed for the 
contests. An eighth of an acre was the size of each corn plot. These 
contests have stimulated both the boys and the boys' fathers to adopt 
better agricultural methods. Twenty bushels of ears of corn have been 
raised on an eighth of an acre, at the rate of 160 bushels to the acre. 
The experts of the Illinois College of Agriculture average only 87 
bushels to the acre. One father, who had sold his farm, purchased it 
again as a result of his son's interest and success in corn growing. One 
boy missed his train and walked nineteen miles to be present in time 
for the judging of his corn exhibit. One mother, seeing her boy's 
interest in corn growing, saved her butter money to send him to the 
State Agricultural School. 

J. Wade Webster of Hartland, Vt., won the sweepstakes prize for 
the best single ear of corn grown by boys in Vermont, New Hampshire 
or Maine at the New England Corn Exposition, held at Boston in 1912. 

A North Clarendon far]iier for several years has been growing and 
selling seed corn of the flint varieties and he has supplied customers in 
South Africa, Central and Northern Europe and the British Isles. Not 
long ago he received an order for 25,000 bushels packed for export. 

The outlook is encouraging for more intensive corn growing and 



Wheat 25 

with Vermont's possibilities already demoustrated, the state offers 
great opportunities for the profitable growing of this staple crop. 

WHEAT 

Probably the average reader would expect that an article on wheat 
growing in Vermont would require about as much space as that taken 
by the famous chapter on "Snakes in Ireland." It is necessary, how- 
ever to shatter another erroneous impression. Although wheat is not 
gro^^Ti on a large scale in Vermont, spring wheat is grown here, as 
every issue of the Government Crop Reporter, containing crop yields, 
will show, and Vermont's rank is way up near the top of the list. Last 
year only five states, and every one of these states in the irrigated 
region of the Far West, surpassed Vermont in the yield of spring 
wheat per acre. Vermont's four-year average for the years 1909-1912 
was 24 bushels, while the average yield for the entire United States 
for the same period was 13.2 bushels. North Dakota raises more 
spring wheat than any other State. The average yield in that State for 
the past four years was 11.3 bushels, or less than half the Vermont 
average. Other States that approach North Dakota in the amount of 
spring wheat raised are Minnesota and South Dakota. Minnesota's 
four-year average was 14.7 bushels and that of South Dakota 11.4 
bushels. 

The census reports for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, show 
that only two states surpassed Vermont in yield of number of bushels 
of wheat per acre for that time. Vermont's average was 19 bushels 
and the average for the entire country was 12.9 bushels. 

The average price to farmers in Vermont Dec. 1 for the four-year 
period, 1909-1912, was $1.05 per bushel, and in the United States at 
large the price for that period was $0,844 per bushel. The average 
price in North Dakota for this period was $0.85 per bushel; in Min- 
nesota, $0,887 per bushel; in South Dakota, $0,847 per bushel. The 
average price in Vermont for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 
$1,112 per bushel while the average price for the entire United States 
for the same period was $0,813 per bushel. The average returns from 
an acre of wheat land in Vermont for the period, 1870-1909, amounted 
to $21,128, and in the whole country for the same forty-year period, 
$10,487, or less than half the Vermont average. 

In a recent issue the Country Gentleman said : ' ' Irrio-ation farm- 
ing to be successful must always be in the nature of intensive farming. 
Forty acres is about the maximum of acreage that one farmer can 
operate properly. This is the judgment of experience. Intensive 
wheat farming is practiced in a number of the humid states. Of 
those which have small areas in wheat, Vermont takes the front place. 
In 1909 the Department of Agriculture received reports from five 
wheat farmers in the Green mountain state, each growing about eight 
acres. (Of course this does not mean that these five farmers are the 
only ones who raise wheat. This refers to special reports made by these 



26 Vermont Farms 



particular farmers.) The expense is quite high. The Vermont wheat 
farmer of this type expends more for fertilizer than the total cost of 
the entire crop in Nebraska, excluding land interest. His fertilizer 
bill is $6.75 an acre; he spends $3.00 for preparing the ground which 
again is twice as much as the Nebraska wheat farmer spends for the 
same purpose. The Vermonter spends $2.75 for seed, while the Ne- 
braskan spends but $1.28 and the Wyoming man $1.45 ; it costs the 
Vermont man $1.31 to plant his acre of wheat, the Illinois man $0.35, 
the Nebraskan $0.44, the Minnesotan $0.42. 

"And so the items of expense run — from two to three times as 
much in Vermont as in the other wheat states where intensive wheat 
growing is not practiced until it gets to the item of land rent or 
interest on the value of the land. The Vermont wheat land is valued 
at $50 an acre, approximately the same as in Minnesota ; less than half 
as much as in Illinois, 50 per cent less than in Nebraska. 

"And when the Vermont small wheat grower has figured up his 
total he finds he has spent $23 to grow an acre of wheat, but when he 
harvests his crop he gets 36.2 bushels which he sells at the rate of 
$1.18, or a total of $42.71. And when he figures his net profit he finds 
he has made $19.71 an acre; $157.68 on his eight acre wheat patch 
on land valued at $450. That same year the Illinois man made $145 
from 27 acres of wheat on land valued at $3,046; the Minnesotan 
made $276.32 on 44 acres valued at $2,150 ; the irrigationist in Wyom- 
ing or Nebraska made $188 from 21 acres valued at $2,100; the Ne- 
braska — humid region — wheat farmer made $240 on 40 acres valued 
at $2,981. The Vermont man's returns are at the rate of 35 per cent 
of the land value." 

The writer in the Country Gentleman might have drawn other 
interesting lessons from these figures. He seems inadvertantly to 
have made one or two errors. Of course eight acres at $50 an acre 
Avould be valued at $400 instead of $450. If the returns from an acre 
of Vermont wheat land were $19.71 and the value of the land was 
$50 an acre, then the returns would be at the rate of 39.4 per cent 
rather than 35 per cent. It will be seen that the returns per acre 
from Illinois wheat land amounted to $5.37 and that the Vermont 
farmer received more from his eight acres than the Illinois grower 
did from his 27 acres. It will be seen that the returns per acre for 
Minnesota amounted to $6.28 ; it will be seen that the irrigationist in 
AVyoming and Nebraska made $8.95 per acre, and the wheat grower 
in the humid region of Nebraska, $6.00 per acre. The Illinois wheat 
lands were valued at $112.44 per acre and the returns were at the 
rate of 4.7 per cent on the land value. The value of the wheat lands 
of Minnesota according to these figures would be $48.86 per acre, 
and the returns at the rate of 12.8 per cent of the land value. The 
value af wheat lands in the irrigated regions of Wyoming and 
Nebraska would be $100 an acre and the returns 8.95 per cent of 
the land value. The land in the humid region of Nebraska, according 



Oats 27 

to these figures, is worth $74.52 an acre and the returns would be 
slightly more than eight per cent of the land value. Compared with 
the returns of nearly 40 per cent on the land value shown on the 
Vermont wheat land one may get an idea of the productiveness of 
Vermont soil. 

While most of the wheat grown in Vermont is spring wheat, 
occasionally a crop of winter wheat is grown. Last year a Woodstock 
farm had three acres of winter wheat Avhich produced an average of 
43 bushels per acre. A letter from the Superintendent of the Vermont 
State Industrial School at Vergennes states that for several years 
from 40 to 42 bushels of wheat per acre have been raised on the farm 
owned by that institution. This letter, however, does not state 
whether the wheat was spring or winter variety. Last year the aver- 
age yield per acre of winter wheat in the United States was 15.1 
bushels. The greatest winter wlieat growing States are Kansas, 
Nebraska and Washington. Their average yields last year were : 
Kansas, 15.5 bushels; Nebraska, 18 bushels; Washington, 27.6 bushels. 
Evidently Vermont can hold her own in wheat growing if she cares 
to undertake to raise that crop. 

OATS 

During the forty-year period, 1870-1909, inclusive, Vermont's 
average yield of bushels of oats per acre was the largest of any state 
in the tlnion. Last year only eight states surpassed Vermont in 
number of bushels of oats per acre. In 1911 nine states raised more 
oats per acre than Vermont. In 1910 five states surpassed the Ver- 
mont yield, and in 1909 seventeen states reported more bushels of oats 
per acre than Vermont. 

Vermont's average yield for the past four years was 37.3 bushels 
per acre while the average for the United States for the same period 
was 30.5 bushels per acre. Vermont's average yield for the period, 
1870-1909, was 35.1 bushels per acre, while the average for the United 
States for the forty years mentioned was 27.6 bushels per acre. 

The states producing the largest number of bushels of oats per 
acre in recent years are Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, North Dakota, and 
Ohio. The average yield of oats per acre of these states during the 
past four years was as follows: Iowa, 33.7 bushels; Illinois, 36.5 
bushels; Minnesota, 31.1 bushels; North Dakota, 35.6 bushels; Ohio, 
S*6.4 bushels. Not one of these states equals Vermouths average. 

The average Vermont price to farmers Dec. 1 for the four-year 
period, 1909-1912, was 51.7 cents. The average price for the period 
throughout the United States was 37.8 cents. The average price per 
bushel during the last four years in the states producing the largest 
number of bushels of oats was as follows : Iowa, 32.5 cents ; Illinois, 
35 cents; Minnesota, 33.3 cents; Ohio, 38.5 cents. Vermont's price was 
far better than that paid by any of these states. For the forty-year 
period, 1870-1909, the average Vermont price was 43.5 cents per bushel, 
while the average price for the whole country was 32.3 cents per bushel. 



28 Vermont Farms 



BARLEY 

In 1912 only seven states, and all of them in the irrigated region 
in the Far West, raised more bushels of barley per acre than Vermont. 
In 1911 eight states surpassed Vermont in bushels of barley per acre, 
while in 1910 six states, and in 1909 eight states raised more bushels per 
acre of barley than Vermont. Vermont's four year average was 30.8 
bushels, while that of the United States was 23.9 bushels. The great 
barley growing states of the Union are California, Minnesota, North 
Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin. These states produced an aver- 
age yield per acre for the past four years as follows : California, 27.7 
bushels; Minnesota, 22.6 bushels; North Dakota, 19.1 bushels; South 
Dakota, 17.4 bushels; Wisconsin, 26.9 bushels. Vermont easily out- 
ranked all of these states. 

Vermont's average yield of barley for the forty years from 1870 
to 1909 was 27.3 bushels, and the average for the United States for 
that period was 23.3 bushels. During that period only four states 
showed a larger yield per acre than Vermjont. 

The average price paid to farmers Dec.l for the four-year period, 
1909-1912, was 76.7 cents per bushel in Vermont, 62.3 cents for the 
United States as a whole. The average price paid in the leading barley 
growing states was as follows: California, 71 cents; Minnesota, 61 
cents; North Dakota, 54.5 cents; South Dakota, 58 cents, Wisconsin, 
58.5 cents. The Vermont price again exceeds not only that of the 
United States but also that of the states growing the largest amount of 
barley. The average Vermont price for the forty-year period, 1870- 
1909, was 69 cents per bushel, and the price for the United States for 
the same was 55.1 cents per bushel. 

RYE 

Last year only three states raised more bushels of rye per acre 
than Vermont. In 1911 only one state surpassed Vermont in this re- 
spect, in 1910 nine states, and in 1909 six states. Vermont's four-year 
average yield was 19.2 bushels per acre and that of the United States 
for the same period, 12.9 bushels per acre. 

The great rye growing states are Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan 
and Pennsylvania. The four-year average yield of these states was 
as follows: Wisconsin, 16.3 bushels; Minnesota, 18.8 bushels; Michigan, 
14.2 bushels; Pennsylvania, 15.6 bushels. Vermont's average yield 
for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 15.9 bushels per acre, while 
the average for the United States for the same period was 14 bushels 
per acre. Only five states surpassed Vermont during this forty-year 
period in bushels of rye per acre. Vermont does not suffer by any of 
these comparisons. 

The average price paid to Vermont farmers December 1 for the 
four-year period, 1909-1912, was 92.5 cents per bushel. The average 
price for that period throughout the United States was 73.2 cents per 



Potatoes 29 



bushel. The average price paid in the leading rye growing states for 
the period mentioned was as follows: Wisconsin, 71 cents per bushel; 
Minnesota, 63 cents per bushel; Michigan, 71.7 cents per bushel; 
Pennsylvania, 77.5 cents per bushel. The average price per bushel 
paid in Vermont for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 78.2 cents 
and the average in the United States for the same period was 60.4 

cents 

BUCKWHEAT 

In 1912 only one state surpassed Vermont in bushels of buckwheat 
per acre. In 1911 two states had a larger yield per acre, in 1910 two 
states, and 1909, one state. Vermont's four-year average, 1909-1912, 
was 25.2 bushels per acre. The average yield for the entire country for 
that period was 20.3 bushels per acre. The great buckwheat growing 
states of the Union are Pennsylvania and New York and their average 
jdeld for the period mentioned was as follows: Pennsjdvania, 20.5 
bushels per acre; New York, 22 bushels per acre. Vermont's average 
yield for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 21.9 bushels, and that 
of the whole country was 16.5 bushels per acre. Only one state in the 
Union during this period surpassed Vermont in yield per acre. 

The average Vermont price to farmers December 1 for the period 
1909-1912 was 75.7 cents per bushel, and that of the entire United 
States 68.7 cents per bushel. For the same period the price in Penn- 
sylvania was 65.7 cents and in New York was 67.7 cents. 

Vermont ranks with the best in ability to furnish the raw material 
for buckwheat cakes and the maple syrup wdth which to sweeten them. 

POTATOES 

During the forty-year period, 1870-1909, only two states showed 
a larger average yield of bushels of potatoes per acre than Vermont. 
In 1912, only seven states, all of them, with the single exception of 
Maine, in the irrigated region of the West, surpassed Vermont in 
bushels of potatoes per acre. In 1911 thirteen states surpassed Ver- 
immt in this respect, in 1910 seven states, and in 1909, five states. Ver- 
miont's average yield per acre for the four-year period, 1909-1912, was 
132.2 bushels while the average yield for the United States for the 
same period was 98.5 bushels. 

The great potato growing states so far as aggregate amount of 
bushels produced is concerned are New York, Michigan, Wisconsin and 
]\Iinnesota, in the order named. The average yield per acre in these 
states for the period 1909-1912 was as follows: New York 101.2 bushels; 
Michigan, 102.2 bushels; Wisconsin, 110.2 bushels; Minnesota, 107.7 
bushels. ]\Iaine ranks fifth in the number of bushels produced, but in 
yield per acre is in a class by itself, showing an average yield for the 
four-year period mentioned of 202 bushels per acre. Thus Vermont is 
surpassed only by Maine of all the big potato growing states in yield 
per acre. The average Vermont yield for the forty-year period, 1870- 



30 Vermont Farms 



1909, was 112.5 bushels, and for the United States for that period was 

83 bushels. 

Owing partly to the new lands of Aroostook county, and partly 
to scientific culture Maine has been able to take first place in yield of 
potatoes per acre, but Vermont affords wonderful opportunities for 
potato growing, and if the same methods are employed in Vermont 
that have proved so successful in Maine, there are large areas in which 
equally as good results may be achieved. 

The fact that some of the best known varieties of potatoes bear 
Vermont names, like ' ' Green Mountain ' ' and ' ' Pride of Vermont, ' ' in- 
dicate that this state is naturally associated with the growing of good 
potatoes. C. G. Pringle of Charlotte, Vt., one of the most famjous of 
American botanists, many years ago originated the Snowflake potato. 
He also originated the hulless oat, which made possible the production 
of certain popular cereal products, and Defiance wheat, which for 
many years was the staple product of some of the larger wheat fields 
of the West. It is said that Mr. Pringle gave Luther Burbank his first 
impulse to originate new varieties of plants. 

One of the large comjnercial fertilizer companies last year offered 
seven prizes for the largest yields of best quality, table-size potatoes. 
The second prize was awarded to George E. Burditt of Rochester, Vt., 
who raised 527.2 bushels from one acre, 73.5 per cent being of table 
size, 14.9 per cent being judged too large, and 11.6 per cent too small. 
In cooking qualities they scored 49 out of a possible 50 points. Mr. 
Burditt 's yield was only 18.2 bushels below the yield of the Maine 
man who captured the first prize. Mr. Burditt is a young man, just 
beginning farming, and recently completed the short course in agricul- 
ture at the University of Vermont. 

A recent report of the Vermont Department of Agriculture shows 
fhat an acre of Gold Coin potatoes raised in the northern part of the 
state yielded 360 bushels, which sold at fifty cents per bushel. The 
cost of ploughing, fitting the land, planting seed, fertilizer, tillage, 
spraying six times, digging and rent of land, amounted to $79, leaving a 
net profit of $101 for the acre of potatoes. This farmer also raises 
large quantities of seed potatoes for the Virginia market. 

In this connection it is interesting to note that this farmer, who 
is Hon. E. S. Brigham, now Commissioner of Agriculture, entered 
upon this line of business in a way that is a compliment to himself 
and a credit to the State of Vermont. H. W. Collingwood, in the Enrol 
Neiv Yorker, of which he is editor, recently published an illustrated 
article on this subject, in which he said: "You would hardly say 
that the man shown in the picture is making history — would say he 
is spraying potatoes. The fact is he is doing both. When you prove 
that Northern Vermont has the peculiar climate and soil needed to 
grow superior seed potatoes you make history. It is much like proving 
that the islands of the English Channel produce superior butter cows, 
that the shores of the Mediterranean Sea produced laying hens, or 



Hay 31 

that around Northern France are to be found superior draft horses. 

'^A few years ago a group of Southern farmers and truckers, 
who planted large quantities of potatoes, went hunting for strong and 
vital seed. There was great damage from blight, which disease was 
peculiarly bad in their section. * * * These planters wanted, if pos- 
sible, seed from plants that never had the disease. They asked the 
Department of Agriculture to locate a section where there was least 
potato blight. Then they wanted a farmer to try growing seed. The 
agent of the department suggested E. S. Brigham, who lives near 
St. Albans, Vt. It cannot be said that there is no potato blight in this 
part of Northern Vermont, but it is infrequent, and in favored 
localities, with proper spraying, large areas of potatoes may be de- 
veloped with no trace of the disease." 

The article then proceeds to describe the methods of culture, 
which description does not properly find a place in this book, the im- 
portant fact being that the United States Department of Agriculture 
recognized Vermont as a region superior to all others for the raising 
of good seed potatoes, free from all taint of blight. This is a fact 
not to be ignored by farmers who are weighing the merits of various 
agricultural regions. 

Experts have declared that the AVhite River valley was as well 
adapted to potato raising as Aroostook county, Maine. The AVhite 
River Railroad Company recently offered prizes for the best potatoes 
grown along this line and the v/inner of the first prize raised 467.4 
bushels from an acre. Good potato growing soil, however, is limited to 
no particular section of the state, and when Aroostook county methods 
are employed, Arootstook county yields will be secured in almost any 
part of Vermont. 

HAY 

Last year fifteen states surpassed Vermont in tons of hay per acre. 
In 1911 fourteen states surpassed A^ermont in this respect; in 1910, 
twenty-one states; in 1909, thirty-two states. Vermont's four-year 
average yield was 1.30 tons per acre, while the average throughout the 
United States for the period was 1.33 tons per acre. The great hay 
growing states are New York, Iowa, Pennsylvania, IMissouri and 
Ohio. The average four-year yield for these states was as follows : 
New York, 1.16 tons; Iowa, 1.19 tons; Pennsylvania, 1.22 tons; Miss- 
ouri, 1.07 tons; Ohio, 1.25 tons. The average yield per acre for Ver- 
mont for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 1.15 tons. The average 
yield for the United States for that period was 1.28 tons. 

The average Vermont price to farmers December 1 for the four- 
year period, 1909-1912, was $13.77 per ton. The average price in the 
United States for the period was $12.18 per ton. The average price 
of this period in the great lis^y growdng states was as follows : New 
York, $15.17; Iowa, $9.67; Pennsylvania, $16.30; Missouri, $10.15; 
Ohio, $13.82. 



32 Vermont Farms 



According to the census reports, in 1909 Vermont had 1,030,618 
acres of hay and forage and produced 1,502,730 tons valued at $16,- 
333,530. These figures show that in 1903 Vermont ranked as the 
twenty-second state in acreage, the twentieth in production and the 
sixteenth in vahie of crop. According to the statistics published in the 
Government Crop Reporter, in 1912 Vermont ranked fifteenth in acre- 
age, seventeenth in production and eleventh in value. 

While Vermont's average yield falls below the average yield for 
the United States, its average exceeds that of the great hay growing 
states for the period 1909-1912. The large yield in the irrigated states 
of the West brings up the average for the country. The total value of 
hay and forage crops in Vermont in 1909 was six times that of the 
cereals of the state, about twice that of potatoes, and represented about 
three-fifths of the total value of Vermont crops for that year. The 
hay and forage acreage in this state is nearly eight times of that of 
the cereal acreage. The increase in acreage from 1899 to 1909 was 
2.4 per cent and the increase in value of the crop during the same 
period was 54.9 per cent. 

Although hay is the principal Vermont crop it is possible largely to 
increase the yield by means of more extensive agriculture and a better 
system of crop rotation. Vermont can do better — much better — than 
she is now doing in the production of hay and an excellent opportunity 
is afforded in this state for a larger production of this important crop. 
Prof. L. R. Jones, now of the University of Wisconsin, has said of 
Vermont's opportunities along this line "Both the climatic and the 
soil conditions of this section are peculiarly suited to the growth of 
grass and the agricultural reputation of New England is largely based 
upon this fact. Nature has given a wider variety and more luxuri- 
ant growth of valuable natural grasses than in any other like area in 
the United States." 

ALFALFA IN VERMONT 

While alfalfa has not been grown extensively in Vermont — only 
252 acres v/ere reported in 1909 — it has been grown successfully in 
Grand Isle county, which led in the production, with Addison county 
a close second. An alfalfa expert has said that he has never seen 
alfalfa east of the Mississippi river superior to that in the fields of 
Grand Isle. A Grand Isle farmer has written the Publicity Bureau as 
follows regarding his experience in alfalfa growing : 

' ' I have been growing alfalfa now fifteen years, the first five years 
on a small scale which was not very satisfactory, as we did not cut it 
early enough or cure it properly. All agricultural papers said to cut 
it when it was well blossomed out, which we did, and cured it as we 
did our clover and other hay. We found that the leaves dropped off 
in handling and left a woody stalk that cattle did not care for. We 
now cut it as soon as we see a blossom and let it wilt a short time then 
cock it up and let it stand three or four days, then open and air it 



Maple Sugar 33 



and put in the barn. No leaves will drop and if it is good weather 
when put in it will come out of the mow as green as the day it was 
cut. We put in about sixty-five tons last year and it averaged about 
five tons to the acre, and we are seeding ten acres this year. I wish my 
hay was all alfalfa." 

TOBACCO 

"While tobacco is not extensively grown in Vermont, there are to- 
bacco farms in the southern part of the state, in the Connecticut 
valley that are very productive. Last year, Vermont, New Ham- 
shire, Massachusetts and Connecticut were tied for first place in pounds 
of tobacco per acre. Vermont's four-year average, 1909-1912, was 
],649.7 pounds per acre. The general average for the United States 
Vv^as 825.5 pouncls per acre. 

The great tobacco growing states of the Union are Kentucky, 
Virginia and North Carolina, and their average yield for the past 
four years is as follows : Kentucky, 829.5 pounds ; Virginia, 724.2 
pounds; North Carolina, 638.7 pounds. Vermont's average for the 
forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 1,533.7 pounds, and that of the 
United States for the same period was 747.6 pounds. 

The average Vermont price to farmers December 1st for the four- 
year period, 1909-1912, was 16 cents per pound, and the average 
price for the United States was 9-9 cents per pound. The aver- 
age price for the same period in the great tobacco growing states 
was as follows : Kentucky, 8.9 cents per pound ; Virginia, 9.7 cents 
per pound; North Carolina, 11.9 cents per pound. 

While Vermont's tobacco crop is not large in the aggregate, this 
crop record affords another excellent illustration of the fertility of 
Vermont soil, and it is probable that the tobacco output of the state 
could be considerably increased. 

MAPLE SUGAR 

No state in the Union is so distinctly associated with the pro- 
duction of high grade maple sugar as is Vermont. Probably the 
majority of the American people involuntarily think of Vermont 
w^hen maple sugar is mentioned. Of course the Green Mountain state 
does not produce all the maple product, but for many years it has 
led all states in the production of maple sugar, although other states 
have led in the production of maple syrup. 

According to the census report, Vermont and New York produced 
over 77 per cent, of the total crop in 1910, over 70 per cent in 1900, 
over 74 per cent, in 1890, over 60 per cent, in 1880, and these two 
states, together with Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, IMaryland 
and Michigan, have produced over 90 per cent, of the total maple 
sugar crop since 1880. The money value of Vermont's production of 
maple sugar and syrup in 1910 was $1,086,933, according to the last 
census report. 



34 Vermont Farms 



It is certain that Vermont might increase largely the output of 
maple products, but owing to the high price of maple wood not a 
few orchards have been cut down, a process comparable to that of 
killing the goose that laid the golden egg. Prof. C. W. Woodbury of 
Norwich University estimates that two-thirds or less of the maple 
trees of Vermont are tapped. In order to get a more accurate idea 
of the maple sugar production of Vermont and its possibilities, the 
Vermont Legislature, during its recent session, provided that the listers 
when taking the annual list shall ascertain approximately how many 
maple trees are tapped, the number of maple trees available and not 
tapped and how many pounds of maple sugar and how many gallons 
of maple syrup were made by each person engaged in making maple 
sugar or syrup during the preceding year. This information is to be 
compiled by the Secretary of State and published in the report of the 
Commissioner of Agriculture. 

The sugar maple is a long-lived tree. William Chapin of Middle- 
sex has told the story of a sugar maple two hundred or two hundred 
twenty-five years old, a cross section of which disclosed tapping 
marks for a hundred years or more. 

Maple sugar is made at a time of the year when other farm work 
is not pressing, and it is a most desirable side line adding materially to 
the farm income. Pure maple products are a luxury, and the market 
is capable of almost unlimited expansion. With a reputation firmly 
established, and a demand for high grade products exceeding the 
supply, maple sugar making on a larger scale deserves to rank among 
Vermont's agricultural opportunities. 

APPLES 

Of all the agricultural opportunities that Vermont affords, 
and they are many, the opportunity afforded the apple grower who 
will adopt modern, scientific methods must be placed in the forefront. 
There is no better place to-day than Vermont in all the length and 
breadth of the United States for the profitable raising of apples and 
there are few, if any, as good, all things being taken into consideration. 

There are three great and compelling reasons why Vermont is the 
ideal section of this country for the profitable growing of high grade 
apples, and these reasons are : unsurpassed soil and climatic condi- 
tions; cheapness of good orchard lands; and proximity to the best 
markets. 

Prof. M. B. Cummings of the University of Vermont states the 
case well when he says: "Vermont is a natural apple state and lies 
well within the apple belt of the United States. We have a climate 
which is congenial to the apple; abundant rain in most seasons, 
a warm summer and a winter not too severe. However, the winters 
are cold enough to assist in repressing insect pests and fungus diseases 
which are less in evidence here than elsewhere in this country. The 
soil is well adapted to the apple tree; generally well drained, for the 



Appi.es 35 

most part easily tilled and seldom too scant in fertility. Granite 
and limestome soils prevail, and these are conceded to be congenial to 
apple roots. Grafted as well as native trees live a long time in our 
State. One may see nearly everywhere throughout the State the 
native trees which possess aji almost indefinite span of life. These 
old patriots appear in out of the way places. They have lived and 
apparently have thrived in absolute neglect and sometimes under 
abusive treatment. If native, uncared-for trees will bear for fifty 
years, what may one expect of grafted fruit grown in cultivated 
orchards? The few who have tried modern methods of orcharding 
in Vermont are satisfied with the present environmental condition. ' ' 

Not long ago Hoard's Dairyman contained an article regarding 
a peninsula in Wisconsin running up between Lake Michigan and 
Green Bay which was considered a w^onderful apple growing region 
because it was underlaid with limestone. The article further relates 
an experiment performed by a Michigan apple grower who had noted 
the benefit which was derived from the limestone soil of this "Wisconsin 
peninsula, and had placed a quantity of ground limestone about every 
apple tree in his orchard of 125 acres. When the Almighty created 
this portion of the world now known as Vermont he underlaid much 
of it with limestone rock, so that to-day Vermont is the leading marble 
producing region in the world. Therefore, Vermonters do not need to 
apply limestone to their soil, as this was done for them in the begin- 
ning, and the fact has much to do with the excellence of the Vermont 
apple. 

The fact that Vermont is well watered adds to its desirability 
as an apple growing region. In the Yakima valley, Washington, in 
1910, water was drawn five miles in barrels to irrigate orchards. 
Vermont is not compelled to depend upon irrigation. 

The Vermont apples are noted for their good color, freedom from 
blemishes, superior flavor, crisp, juicy flesh and excellent keeping 
qualities. Prof. Lowell Raudenbush and others who have studied 
conditions say that with one or two inconsiderable exceptions no better 
apple ground than Vermont exists in our country. 

In concluding an article on ''Apples in Vermont," recently pub- 
lished in the Country Gentleman, Samuel P'razer, writing of the men 
now going into apple growing in this state, said: "They are 
prepared to utilize the forces which nature has given them — the 
magnificent climate, the cool fall nights which put the color on fruit. 
From now on we may expect that Vermont will stand out as one of 
the sections which will be ranked with Hood River in apple growing 
history. ' ' 

One may purchase good apple land at almost any price he desires 
to pay. Probably prices are higher in Grand Isle county than in 
other parts of the Champlain valley and elsewhere, but even there 
they would seem absurdly cheap to the apple grower accustomed to 



36 Vermont Farms 



prices of orchard land in Oregon, while upland pastures tha+ would 
grow the best of apples may be purchased often for only a few dollars 
an acre. 

Nearness of Markets 

The nearness of the best markets may be ascertained by looking at 
any map of the United States. Within a radius of 500 nides from Mont- 
pelier, the capital of Vermont, situated near the center of the state, there 
is an urban population exceeding 21,000,000 or at least half the urban 
population of the country, which was shown by the census of 1910 to be 
42,633,303. 

The most important railroad sj^stems of the East compete for 
Vermont freight and the Champlain valley has the benelit of water 
transportation to New York City by way of Lake Champlain, the 
Champlain canal and the Hudson river. 

Vermont apple lands may be divided into two sections, the Cham- 
plain valley and the hill country. Possibly a third section should 
be added, the Connecticut valley, although many would include that 
in the second section mentioned. T. L. Kinney, a well known Ver- 
mont apple grower, says : ' ' The Champlain ^ alley was the first valley 
in the United States which ever got a reputation as a commercial section 
for growing apples." Lake Champlain influences the temperature 
of the region and makes it particularly good for apple growing. A 
well known apple grower of the Champlain valley is Arthur H. Hill 
of Isle La Motte and he has prepared for this volume the following 
article on 

_ Apple Growing in Vermont 

''It will be news to many persons inside and outside of this state 
to learn that apple gromng in Vermont has developed to the dignity 
of an important commercial industry — that in certain sections, in 
fact, it is the distinctive feature of local enterprise. This develop- 
ment has been comparatively recent, so that those in closest touch with 
it have hardly yet felt the full significance of the change or have dared 
to look forward to future possibilities. Even the men most deeply 
engaged in commercial apple growing are still in the experimental 
stage of the business. 

"That part of Vermont in which the commercial production of 
apples has received most attention is unquestionably Grand Isle 
county. Grand Isle is located in the extreme north west cor- 
ner of Vermont, touching Canada on the north, and being separated 
from New York by Lake Champlain. It consists practically of three 
islands, Isle La Motte, 'North Island' and 'South Island' and one 
peninsula, Alburg. It is the smallest county in the state, comprising 
only about 50,000 acres, but has about 47,500 acres in farms according 
to the last census. Being practically surrounded by the waters of 
Lake Champlain makes it naturally a very favorable district for fruit 
growing. 



Apple Growing in Vermont 37 

''Practically all of Grand Isle county is available for apple 
growing. Geologically the territory belongs principally to the Chazy, 
Trenton and Utica limestone formations, Istrata which themselves 
yield valuable agricultural soils, though the surface soil over most 
of the county is probably deposited from other sources. 

"A very thorough investigation recently made, reaching person- 
ally to each fruit grower in Isle La Motte, shows that in the smallest 
town in the county there are : 

No. of growers. Bearing trees. Trees too young Average yearly 

to bear. crop in barrels. 

^_ 44 15,582 7,885 18,240 

The other towns in this county are being surveyed, but it is safe to say 
that fully 50,000 barrels of apples are shipped out this county an- 
nually by about 200 growers. 

"For planting a new orchard most Grand Isle county growers 
prefer two-year-old trees but a few of the more up-to-date horti- 
culturists are using one-year old trees. First class budded trees of 
standard varieties, two-year-old, cost $12.50 to $18 per hundred. 
Some people pay more, but that is their privilege. First class one- 
year-old trees can be had for one half the price of two-year-old trees. 

Every commercial orchard in Grand Isle county is under culti- 
vation. Young orchards are planted to corn, beans or similar crops 
requiring cultivation. Bearing orchards are ploughed early in the 
spring and harrowed throughout the season to July 1st or later and 
then some cover crop is sown. Buckwheat has usually proved to be 
the best. ]\Iost orchards in Grand Isle county are fertilized with barn- 
yard manure, but some receive phosphoric acid and potash in addition. 
Spraying is now a settled practice among Grand Isle county apple 
growers and most of the larger successful growers have good power 
sprayers. Lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead are used mostly now in 
preference to the Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, although many 
fruit growers are still using Bordeaux for the first spraying. 

"Apple growing as a special industry under the conditions which 
obtain in the region under consideration pays and pays well. One 
orchard of four acres containing 200 trees of Fameuse has averaged 
to net over $1,000 every year for the past twenty years. Last season 
E. S. Fleury picked fourteen barrels of i\IcIntosh Red from one tree, 
worth at least three dollars per barrel, or fifty-two dollars. These 
results are not extreme, but they were secured by men who take care 
of their orchards. Already companies are being formed to produce 
and market fruit on a financial basis, and the Eastern Fruit and Nut 
Company, capitalized at $100,000, has acquired over 200 acres on 
Grand Isle and is putting out about 10,000 apple trees. 

"We have the best markets in the world within 500 miles of us, 
and apples in car lots can be delivered in New" York City in three days 
at twenty-five cents per barrel- Buyers from Boston, Buffalo, New 



38 Vermont Farms 



York City, Philadelphia and Chicago are here after the apples every 
season, and the farmer who has good fruit to dispose of can always 
get a good price right here at home. Vermont apples, especially from 
Grand Isle county, are good keepers, well flavored, and command the 

highest prices in the New York market. 

"AVith the same care and attention to details practiced by the Far 
Western fruit growers, we can grow better fruit here in every way at less 
than one-quarter the cost. There good orchard lands cost a thousand 
dollars per acre up. Here good orchard lands cost fifty dollars per acre 
up. It cost $600 freight to put a carload of Oregon or Washington apples 
into New York City. It cost us here in Vermont $50 freight on a similar 
carload into New York. What I have said relative to fruit growing in 
Grand Isle county is applicable to every other county in the Champlain 
valley. 

' ' Wherever in Vermont apples will grow wild in fence corners and 
in old pastures under neglect, it is possible to grow first class fruit 
under proper cultivation. Men like 0. S. Rixford of Highgate, C. T. 
Holmes of Charlotte, A. T. Clark of Vergennes, G. H. "Wright of Middle- 
bury, R. L. Hemenway of Bridport — and by the way I have known Mr. 
Hemenway's Northern Spy apples to sell for fourteen dollars per barrel 
in New York — John McLane Stevens of Orwell, D. C. Hicks of North 
Clarendon, Ernest West of Dorest, and A. A. Halladay of Bellows 
Falls, grow as fine Vermont apples as can be produced and are not 
surpassed by any growers of fine fruit in the world." 

Profit in Upland Orchards 

The Champlain Valley is not the only part of Vermont, however, 
in which good apples may be grown profitably. H. W. Collingwood, 
editor of the Rural New Yorker, says : " If I were a younger man to- 
day I would w^illingly invest every dollar and dime I could get in hill 
land in New England and plant it to an apple orchard. There will be 
an enormous market for the fruit. These hillsides of Vermont and 
New Hampshire are the best places for fruit. It needs good, steep 
drainage. The cold air moving down and the warm air rising gives a 
great protection from frosts." 

Prof. William Stuart, formerly of the University of Vermont, has 
said : ' ' There is in Vermont today much hill-town land having a valu- 
ation of from five to ten dollars per acre which is now devoted to 
pasture or is largely waste land, hardly yielding sufficient revenue to 
pay the taxes, which if devoted to apple orcharding might be made to 
return an average income of from fifty to one hundred fifty dollars 
per acre, or even more. From having a valuation of from five to ten 
dollars per acre it might have one of five hundred dollars or more if it 
w^as covered with thrifty, wxll-cared-for apple trees. * ^ ^ There is no 
reason why hill-town orcharding may not be successfully and profit- 
ably practiced in Vermont." 

Gr. H. Terrill has declared concerning Vermont apples that "the 
higher up on our hillsides, the better the keeping qualities. I believe 



Favorable Tax Legislation 39 



there is nothing we can plant these high hills to that will produce 
better returns than the good red apple." 

An Oregon Opinion op Vermont 

An Oregon fruit grower, writing in the Neiu England Farmer, 
said: "We have no hesitancy in saying that better flavored fruit can 
be produced in sections with winters like those in Vermont than in 
sections like Oregon and Washington, where the winters are miid. 
The cold acts upon the tree as it does upon the human system, tending 
to invigorate the tree in every way and destroying the fungi and larvae 
which are injurious to the tree. It is a fact, though generally unknown 
in the East, that more fungi and insect pests are found in the orchards 
on the Pacific Coast than in the East. 

"There are man^^ advertising pamphlets circulating in the East 
picturing wonderful opportunities in the West, but if as much pains 
w^ere taken to stud}^ and advertise the resources of the East they would 
present opportunities equal to those in the West. 

"Good bearing orchards range in price from $1,000 to $3,000 per 
acre in Washington and Oregon, but this price does not include build- 
ings. Irrigation is a necessary and expensive problem to be considered. 
What in the West would buy only one or two acres would purchase in 
the East an average size farm with buildings where irrigation is un- 
necessary. We firmly believe that an acre in the East can be made 
to clear as great a profit as an acre in the West by applying Western 
principles to fruit growing. 

"It is the Easterners that are making Oregon w^hat it is. Why do 
they not put forth this effort to develop their native States where every- 
thing is in favor of fruit culture? With climate and soil adapted to 
fruit raising, varieties like Rhode Island Greenings, Baldwins and 
Northern Spies, large markets close at hand and extreme low price 
of land, the East offers an exceptional field for scientific fruit culture."^ 

/ 
Favorable Tax Legislation 

The last Legislature passed a law exempting orchard trees from 
taxation for fifteen years from the time of planting, so that land de- 
voted to orchard purposes shall be taxed for the period mentioned at 
the same rate assessed before the trees were set out. 

In 1909 Vermont ranked twenty-fifth among the apple producing 
states, the reported yield for the year 1,459,689 bushels. While Ver- 
mont has not entered largely into the competition at apple shows, 
yet at the New England Fruit Show held at Boston in 1911, out of 
five premiums for Northern Spies, Vermont took three, the first, third 
and fifth, and a Grand Isle county man took the blue ribbon. Vermont 
growers took the blue ribbons for Mcintosh Reds and Spitzenbergs, 
the second prize for Rhode Island Greenings in boxes, the second 
prize for Northern Spies in boxes, and the third prize for Northern 



40 Vermont Farms 



Spies in barrels. With only seventy-six plates entered, Vermont took 
eighteen ribbons. 

Successful Apple Growers 

Probably the best known orchard in Vermont is that of C. T. 
Holmes of Charlotte in the Champlain Valley. This orchard, con- 
sisting of 105 acres, mostly set to Rhode Island Greenings in 1870, 
was in the sod for many years and bore little fruit. In the winter of 
1907, fifty acres of the orchard were given a good mulch of barnyard 
manure. Great benefit was experienced as the result of the mulch and 
cultivation. That fall Mr. Holmes picked 2,500 barrels of apples from 
the fifty acres cultivated and 600 barrels from the fifty acres unculti- 
vated. Modern methods have since been pursued in this orchard. In 
1908 about $7,000 was cleared from the orchard and in 1909 about 
$12,000. In 1910 the crop sold for $20,000, of which sum about $15,000 
was profit. The Greenings from the Holmes orchards have sold at 
prices ranging from five to seven dollars per barrel. 

R. L. Hemenway of Bridport, in the southern part of the Cham- 
plain Valley, has an orchard of thirty acres, planted between the years 
1870 and 1872, w^hich is one of the best in Vermont. Some of his 
best Northern Spy apples have sold in the New York markets as high 
as fourteen dollars a barrel. In 1910 his third grade Northern Spies 
sold for $5.60 and $6 a barrel, his fancy grade from $6 to $9 a barrel, 
and his extra fancy grade from $9.50 to $14 a barrel. His Greenings 
sold that year at prices ranging from $5.50 to $6.50 a barrel. 

From H. B. Allen's orchard in South Hero, in 1899, w^hich w^as 
an ''off-year," so-called, the net income was $1,400 from fourteen 
acres. The apples from this orchard sold in the New York markets at 
an average price of $5.22 per barrel. Some of the best brought $8, 
$9 and $10 per barrel. In 1910 W. N. Phelps of South Hero sold 4,000 
barrels of apples at an average price of $3 per barrel. In 1911 F. A. 
Drew of South Burlington picked 1,000 barrels of apples from 550 
trees and received $4.75 per barrel at Burlington. 

Dr. H. C. Tinkham, Dean of the Medical Department of the Uni- 
versity of Vermont, and G. L. Pease have converted a small farm of 
14 acres just south of Burlington into a profitable investment. An 
old orchard has been renovated, the trees trimmed, the cavities filled 
with cement, the soil fertilized and cultivated, and the owners have 
sold in a single season $2,000 worth of apples, also tons of winter 
squash raised on the same land. 0. S. Rixford of Highgate has a 
Fameuse orchard of 50 acres, set out in 1885 on the northern slope of 
a stony mountain pasture, w^hich produced 10,000 bushels of fine fruit 
in 1906. 

These are illustrations gathered at random with no attempt to 
make a thorough canvass of the state. 



Small Fruits and Vegetables 41 



No Danger of Over-Production 

But somebody will ask: ''Is there not danger of over-doing the 
apple business?" In answer to this question it is proper to say that 
the census figures show that in the period, 1899 to 1909, the apple pro- 
duction of this country decreased from 175,397,600 bushels in 1899 to 
147,522,318 bushels in 1909, or a falling off of 27,875,282 bushels during 
the decade mentioned. During the same decade it was shown that 
apple trees of bearing age had decreased from 201,794,000 in 1900 to 
151,323,000 in 1910, a loss of 50,471,000 trees. During that period 
the population of this country increased from 75,994,575 in 1900 to 
91,972,266 in 1910, or a gain of 15,947,691. Taking into account the 
decrease in apples and apple trees, the increase in population, the rise 
of the important apple canning industry during the past few years, 
and the possibility with a better system of distribution of food products 
of vastly increasing the market for fruit, it will be seen that there is 
no occasion for worry over a glut in the apple market for a consider- 
able period of time. 

There are a good many apple orchards in Vermont that may be 
renovated and made profitable in a comparatively short time. Why 
go to the Pacific Coast, pay enormous prices for apple lands and be 
compelled to ship fruit 3,000 miles across the continent, when just as 
good land can be bought in Vermont at from one-fiftieth to one-twen- 
tieth the price, with the best markets of the world at our very doors? 
The same care in cultivating, spraying, picking and packing used in 
Oregon will bring just as good results in Vermont, and the advantages 
of the Vermont producer over his Western rival are too obvious to 
require any extended argument. Any person desiring to engage in 
apple growing will serve his own best interests by investigating con- 
ditions and opportunities in Vermont before he invests elsewhere. 

Any person considering the purchase of land here for the purpose 
mentioned should obtain or consult a copy of a very valuable bulletin 
on "Vermont an Apple Growing State," issued in October, 1911, by 
the Vermont Department of Agriculture. It gives the varieties of 
apples best adapted to the various sections of the state and contains 
much information absolutely essential to an intelligent understanding 
of conditions in Vermont. 

SMALL FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 

M. A. Jenkins of Bradford, Vt., one of the largest strawberry 
growers in New England, uses ten acres for raising this fruit, half 
of this area being used for bearing plants and half for new ''sets," 
which will come into bearing the following year. During the season 
of 1911 Mr. Jenkins shipped at the rate of 100 bushels per day and 
as many as 121 bushels per day. He employs as many as forty pickers, 
who camp out during the season of three or four weeks. The Vermont 
strawberry season follows immediately after the Massachusetts season, 
and good prices are secured. 



42 Vermont Farms 



In 1911, L. S. Richardson of Chester Depot, picked and sold from 
the rear end of a village lot, one-fourth of an acre in size, $200 
worth of strawberries- Another man realized $275 from a half acre 
of strawberries, and a Hyde Park man made $900 from two and a half 
acres of land set out to strawberries. 

In 1908, E. H. Hallett, of St. Johnsbury, raised 500 bushels of 
strawberries, or 16,000 quarts, on one acre of land. There are other 
large growers of strawberries in Bradford besides Mr. Jenkins and 
strawberries are grown in considerable quantities in St. Albans and 
elsewhere. 

Vegetables are raised both for the local markets and for canning 
factories. One St. Albans farmer raises every year about 3,500 
bushels of string beans for canning. In 1911 a St. Albans farmer 
raised about 125 tons of sweet corn, for which he received $10 per 
ton at the canning factory- 

The following letter, written to the Publicity Bureau by L. 11. 
Sheldon of Fair Haven, shows how this enterprising dealer markets 
his fruits and vegetables: "Our plan of operation is to develop the 
local market. Our summer hotels at present use large quantities of 
canned goods, partly I think, because they are easily prepared, but 
it would seem to be our business to have the stuff ready for them, 
advertise freely so as to let their guests know that they can have 
fresh vegetables if they choose, and their patrons will do the rest. 

''"We are surprised at the small amount of trade that can be 
secured in a country town. "We try to get close to the consumer, 
therefore retail most of our produce, running a sales-wagon every 
week in the year. We run this wagon once or twice a week during the 
winter, twice or three times a week during the spring and daily during 
the summer. We also run a wagon daily for three months to the sum- 
mer resorts at Lake Bomoseen, alternating each side of the lake, so 
we reach customers every other day. We try to raise everything we 
can on the farm, but at certain seasons piece out with Southern stuff, 
although it is not comparable to our home grown fruit and vegetables. 

''It is strange that our state does not grow more small fruits, 
raspberries, gooseberries, currants, etc. Our strawberries always sell 
at 15 cents, raspberries 18 to 20 cents, and I think that there is no 
section of the country more sure to produce good crops. Crates can 
be had for nothing, or for a mere trifle, compared with what the 
Southern producers have to pay, and when we realize what a low price 
the fruit must net them, it would seem that we are neglecting our 
opportunities not to supply fully our home market. When I think 
how the high cost of meat, together with more culti\ated tastes, is 
turning the people to the fruits and vegetables of the farm, I grow 
enthusiastic over the possiblities of the home market. 

''We do not propose to hide our light under a bushel. Every 
other business advertises, why not the farmer ? We try to keep people 
thinking about Valley Farm in connection with good things to eat. 



Horses 43 



We take space by the year in our local paper, and print sometimes a 
list of what we have to sell, sometimes a little fun, anything to make 
people read our ads., and we know they do read them. 

"To sum up, we try to have a large variety of fruits and vege- 
tables. We try to develop and increase the local market, to get a 
reputation for a square deal, and to let people know what we are 
doing. We are hoping in the near future to own an auto truck. We 
can see great possibilities in it for our business." 

Pears, plums and cherries grow well in Vermiont and the quality 
produced is excellent. Alt a recent State Fair, G. H. Wright & Sons 
of Middlebury displayed thirty-four varieties of grapes. 

Maple Ridge Fruit Farm of Dummerston has exhibited remark- 
ably fine peaches from a peach orchard of 1,500 trees. There is an 
excellent opportunity for fruit growing in Vermont. It is difficult 
to get raspberries, even for the home market, and there would seem 
to be an opportunity for growing such berries here at a good profit. 

Vermont has made an excellent record in the growing of straw- 
berries. L. H. Sheldon, of Fair Haven, Vt., a successful market gard- 
ener, says: ''The strawberry grows to perfection in our state (Ver- 
mont). The long winter rest seems to be just what it needs and w^e 
do not suffer from frost oftener than in the South. In twenty years 
I have never grown a crop that I thought did not pay expenses; on 
the other hand, the best record is at the rate of over 1,000 quarts per 
acre. Compare our prices with what the Southern growers get- Very 
many Southern berries were sold in our town last season for 12 cents 
per box. The shipper must furnish crates and boxes, pay express to 
New York, then to Albany, thence to Fair Haven, pay one — perhaps 
two — jobbers' and one retailer's profits, to say nothing of the thou- 
sands of crates of damaged fruit being dumped in New York harbor, 
and the consumer at the end usually gets a basket about two-thirds 
full of nearly green or rotten fruit. We can grow more and finer 
berries per acre, cut out all those expenses, for we get the Southern 
man's crates for little or nothing, boxes are often returned, and 
our price is generally higher; and yet I know^ farmer boys working 
today in factories or mills for a pittance above their board, girls who 
have spent years in fitting themselves to teach in school thirty-tw^o 
weeks in the year at $7.00 per week and board themselves, when they 
could hire the hard work done in the strawberries, and sell at w^hole- 
sale, and in picking and packing they would excel. 

HORSES 

For the better part of a century Vermont has been famous as the 
land of good horses. It was John G. Saxe, the poet, who said : 
Vermont is famous for four things : 

Men, women, maple sugar and horses; 
The first are strong, the latter fleet, 
The second and third exceedingly sweet, 
And all are uncommonly hard to beat. 



V em 



> J 



44 Vermont Farms 



As the home of Justin Morgan, founder of the famous Morgan 
strain, Vermont has ranked high in the breeding of horses. From 
3850 to 1860 Vermont raised and sold more horses than any other 
state in the Union. For a time the raising of Morgans was neglected, 
but the development of this wonderful breed has been revived and again 
Vermont has the opportunity to increase its prosperity by raising a 
larger number of high grade Morgan horses. 

The horse, Justin Morgan, was owned by a man of that name 
who emigrated from West Springfield, Mass., to Randolph, Vt., about 
the time of the birth of the animal, in 1789. The Morgan Horse 
Register says the horse was sired by True Briton, said to have been 
captured from Col. James DeLancey, a British officer, during the 
American Revolution. By many it is supposed that Justin Morgan 
descended from Arabian stock. When a colt he was brought to Ran- 
dolph by Mr. Morgan. He was used by him as a breeding animal 
and several years later was sold, being owned in St. Johnsbury, Mont- 
pelier, and elsewhere. 

The horse Justin Morgan was about fourteen hands high, weighed 
about 950 pounds, and was a dark bay with black full mane and tail. 
Solomon Steele of Derby Line, Vt., who knew the horse well, said: 
"No man of ordinary judgment could fail to discover his peculiar 
points of excellence, his oblique shoulders, high crest, fine ear, promi- 
nent and sagacious eye, perfect head, large and expanded nostrils, 
strong loins, long hip, deep and well spread chest, high withers, short 
pasterns, strong and sinewy limbs, with all the important muscles far 
surpassing in size those of any other horse of his weight ever seen in 
America." It was also said of Justin Morgan that he could ''out- 
walk, out-trot, out-run, out-pull," every horse entered against him. 

Six of the best known sons of Justin Morgan were the Fenton 
Horse, the Hawkins Horse, Sherman Morgan, Bulrush Morgan, Wood- 
bury IMorgan and Revenge. Black Hawk was a son of Sherman Mor- 
gan and Ethan Allen was a son of Black Hawk. Green Mountain 
Morgan was a son of Gifford Morgan, and he a son of Woodbury 
Morgan. 

Green Mountain Morgan probably was one of the most beautiful 
horses ever reared in the United States. It was said of him by one 
who knew him well: ''When moving I never saw such majesty em- 
bodied in horse flesh as was displayed by Green I\Iountain Morgan. 
His arched neck seemed clothed with thunder and his floating mane 
and tail, his eye of fire, his red distended nostrils, revealed more per- 
fectly to miy mind the original of those fiery, magnificent coursers, 
the Greek ideal of the war horse, to be found in the Elgin marbles, 
than I ever saw elsewhere." Green Mountain Morgan was called bv 
General Wool of Mexican war fame, "the finest parade horse in the 
country." In 1860, Governor Banks of Massachusetts, seeking the 
finest possible mount for a muster at Concord, sent to Williamstown. 



Horses 45 

Vt., and secured Green Mountain Morgan for the occasion. Although 
the horse was then twentj^-five years okl, he showed no signs of age, 
played his part to perfection, and was ' ' the observed of all observers. ' ' 

While the Morgans have not, as a rule, been noted as trotting 
horses, some of the speediest of American racers have had Morgan 
blood in their veins. Such a list would include Dan Patch, Lou Dillon, 
Uhlan, Dariel, Audubon Boy, Major Delmar, Sweet Marie and The 
Harvester. One of the most famous of American races was held 
June 21, 1867, when fortj^ thousand people saw Dan Mace drive the 
famous iMorgan, Ethan Allen, with a running mate, in a matched race 
with the great Dexter, winning the race. It has been said that probably 
no horse race in the country ever has excited more enthusiasm than this. 

Vermont has carried off the honors at several of the great world's 
fairs. Knox Morgan, owned by F, G. Chandler & Son of Peacham, won 
the first and championship prizes at the St. Louis Exposition. The first 
$1000 premium for all harnessed stallions in the United States, the 
second of $350 and the third of $150, offered at the St. Louis, Mo., fair in 
1858, were awarded to three sons of Vermont Black Hawk. Fifty- 
seven stallions were exhibited and every well known breed of horses 
in the country was represented. 

Gen. Sheridan's "Rienzi," which he rode to Cedar Creek from 
"Winchester twenty miles away," was a IMorgan horse, and Gen. Cus- 
ter's favorite horse was a Morgan. When one of the sculptors engaged 
to model the statuary for the Chicago World's Fair made a great 
model in clay of a typical specimen of the American horse, Vermont 
furnished a Morgan, a daughter of Daniel Lambert, for the model. 
It was fitting that one of the pieces of the silver service presented to 
the battleship A^ermont should be embellished with the head of a IMorgan 
horse. 

The Morgans have been famous for their endurance. IMany stories 
are told of the remarkable feats of strength of Justin IMorgan and some 
of his descendants. In 1853 the New York Herald, in an article on the 
Sixth Avenue Railroad, said : ' ' Four-fifths of all the horses employed on 
the road are from Vermont and New Hampshire and of these nearly 
all are of the celebrated Morgan breed." 

Justin Morgan has been called the most remarkable animal in the 
world from the standpoint of prepotency- It is proper to quote a few 
of the many opinions expressed regarding this wonderful animal. In 
an article dealing with horses in Vermont, one of the editors of Louis- 
ville, Ky., Journal, who had made a tour of the Northern states in 1845, 
said : ' ' There is no doubt whatever of this — that the breed of the IMor- 
gan horse was and is now in the few instances where it can be found, 
far the best breed of horses for general use that ever was in the 
United States — probably the best in the world; and it is remarkable 
that the breed was and is now known by many and striking perculiar- 
ities common to nearly every individual." 



46 Vermont Farms 



The American Farmer's Encyclopedia, published in Philadelphia, 
said in 1844: "Perhaps the very finest breed of horses in the United 
States when general usefulness is taken into consideration, is what 
is commonly known in the Northern and Eastern states as the Morgan 

horse. ' ' 

The American Horse Breeder has said : ' ' Probably no other family 
of horses ever existed in which so large a proportion of its members 
'acted well their part' with greater honor to themselves and their 
family than tliat founded by the noted stallion, Justin Morgan. The 
majority of these w^ere remarkably cheerful, docile and faithful in 
whatever station they were placed. Their great strength in propor- 
tion to their size was proverbial, and their endurance was wonderful. 
No horses of their size could compete with the old time Morgans, 
either for pulling logs in the clearing, loads on the road in a team^ 
on the plow, the family carriage or under saddle on parade. There 
never has been a family that transmitted its valuable qualities with 
greater uniformity than the Morgan. ' ' 

A correspondent of the Indiana Farmer said: "If there is any 
animal which is a friend to a farmer, it is the Morgan horse, w^hich, 
not so long ago, made good from drawing the entire family to church 
on Sunday, to hauling the big loads of hav from the meadows on a 
week day. ' ' 

"There never was a better all-round horse on American soil 
than the Morgan, and liverymen everywhere bear testimony as to its 
value," says the Kansas Farmer. 

David Buffum, writing in Outing on "Making Carriage Horses 
in America," said of the Morgan: "This family has gone on record 
as the gamest, the most beautiful, and all things considered, the near- 
est to perfection of any that America has produced. Though not as 
fast at the trot as some other families, they were all fast; they all 
showed uncommon endurance and stamina; they had the points of 
equine excellence and elegance that distinguished the Arab; and they 
bore themselves as superbly as the proudest of the aristocratic sons 
of the desert. ' ' 

President Benjamin Harrison attended a meeting of the Vermont 
Association of Road and Trotting Horse Beeders at White River 
Junction in 1891, and said: "I understand that it was so arranged 
that after I had seen the flower of manhood and womanhood of Ver- 
mont, I should be given an exhibition of the next grade of intelli- 
gence and worth in the State — 3^our good horses. I had recently 
through the intervention of my Secretary of War (Hon. Redfleld 
Proctor), the privilege of coming into the possession of a pair of Ver- 
mont horses. They are all I could wish for, and, as I said the other 
day at the little village from which they came, they are of good Morgan 
stock, of which some one has said that their great characteristic is 
that they enter into consultation with the driver whenever there 
is any difficulty." 



Horses 47 



W. H. H. Murray, who has written so charmingly of out-of-door 
life, has said: "The reproducing capacity of this horse (Justin Mor- 
gan) considering the treatment he received, was simply marvelous. 
Unappreciated and abused half his life, it was the merest accident 
that his value as a stock horse was discovered at all; and even then 
he was bred indiscriminately to mares, unassisted by the least intelli- 
gence in the matter. Still, in spite of all obstacles which neglect and 
ignorance imposed, the reproductive faculty was so superlatively strong 
that he founded a family true to the original type and more able to 
protect itself from infringement of foreign blood than any family 
of horses, perhaps, that the world has seen.' 

When the racing craze arose in this country the breeding of 
Morgans was neglected and for a long period little attention was paid 
to this distinguished Vermont family. A few years ago, however 
Senator Proctor, of Vermont, long chairman of the Senate Committee 
on Agriculture, succeeded in interesting the Department of Agri- 
culture in the revival of the Morgan type. Col. Joseph Battell, of 
Middlebury, Vt., gave to the United States 435 acres in the neighboring 
town of Weybridge as a breeding farm. There are now about seventy 
Morgan horses on this farm, including eight or ten of the finest 
Morgan stallions to be found, headed by the famous sire, General Gates. 

G. H. Rommell chief of the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, says: 
"If we can get the Morgan back we will have reproduced a breed 
of horses that is without exception the best that the United States 
has ever seen — it is possibly one of the grej^test breeds of horses that 
the world has ever seen. The Morgan horse, bred true to type, had 
qualities that made him valuable on the farm or as a carriage horse, 
and that made him salable,* **If we can produce a Morgan horse 
that will be profitable on Vermont farms, to Vermont farmers, we will 
by so doing bring to Vermont what has b-rought to the state more 
fame than any other one thing — her great men alone excepted." 

In order to give the farmers of Vermont a larger opportunity 
to breed from Morgan stallions than they would have if only the 
Morgan breeding farm at Weybridge were accessible, the government 
has directed that good Morgan stallions be located at Northfield, 
Plainfield, West Fairlee, and Hartland Four Corners, in Vermont- 
Farmers must furnish sound mares of a square trotting gait and 
if they will give the Government an option on the colt at $150 when 
three years old the service of the stallion is free. If the government 
does not wish to take the colt no charge will be made for the service. 
If the farmer thinks the colt is worth more than $150 tnen he must 
pay a service fee of $25 for mature stallions and a smaller fee for 
younger horses. 

This affords an excellent opportunity to raise good horses at a prof- 
it. The problem of securing remounts for the United States Cavalry 
regiments is a difficult one, and a good market is assured. ]\Ir. 
Rommell, already quoted, has said that the Vermont and Maine cav- 



48 Vermont Farms 



airy were by far the best mounted of any in the Union Army dur- 
ing the Civil War, and these regiments were mounted as a rule on 
Morgan horses. 

The Morgan Horse Club is an active organization which meets 
annuallv at the time the Vermont State Fair is held and some notable 
exhibits of Morgan horses — the best to be seen in the country — are 
shown on these occasions. Last year there were 188 entries. 

The breeding of Morgan horses is one of Vermont's opportunities. 
The reputation of these horses is already established, there is a good 
market for them, and with the aid afforded by the United States 
government this is an opportune time to enter upon such breeding. 

The raising of other breeds of horses will be found profitable in 
Vermont — large draft horses, for example. It is estimated by a com- 
petent authority that Vermont farmers are sending $500,000 yearly 
out of the state for the purchase of Western draft horses. It ought 
to be profitable to raise such horses here, not only to supply the 
home market, but the markets of other States. 

SHEEP 

For nearly a century Vermont has been famous for high grade 
Merino sheep. To the states of the West and South, to Argentina, 
to Australia and to South Africa, have gone Vermont sheep to improve 
the quality of the breeds in those states and countries. 

An agricultural bulletin on sheep raising prepared by Kenneth 
A. Atwood, says : ' ' Few states are better adapted to this industry 
than is Vermont. Her soil, climate, topography, nataral grasses, and 
the skill attained by her breeders, have produced Merinos never sur- 
passed and seldom equaled by those of any other state or country." 

It is known that IMerino sheep were brought into Vermont previ- 
ous to 1808. A Mr. Stoddard of Rupert, owned a flock of Merinos 
before that date. In 1808 Colonel Humphrey placed two valuable 
imported rams on a farm in Hartland. 

Hon. William Jarvis, who had been United States Consul at 
Lisbon, Portugal and charge d' affaires, imported a flock of 400 Spanish 
Merinos, bringing them to Claremont, N. H., and in 1811 he trans- 
ferred them to a farm he had purchased at Weathersfield, Vt., in 
that fertile region of the Connecticut valley known as ''Weather- 
field Bow." At different times he is said to have imported as many 
as 3500 IMerinos. Spain was obliged to sell her world famous flocks 
of sheep which she had been improving for a thousand years in 
order to pay the cost of war, and Mr. Jarvis took advantage of the 
opportunity. Other smaller flocks were imported to Addison county 
towns. Some of the Atwood Merinos, bred by Stephen Atwood 
of Connecticut, were brought into Vermont. Edwin Hammond of 
Middlebury, breeding from Atwood Merino stock, made notable 
improvements in the breed, including great gains in the length and 



Prices and Prizes 49 



fineness of the wool. It has been said ''that he converted the thin, 
light-boned, imperfectly covered sheep into models of compactness, 
covered with valuable wool." 

Prices and Prizes 

Nowhere else did the Merinos attain such a degree of excellence 
as in Vermont. An indication of the standing of the Vermont Merinos 
is furnished by records of prices and prizes received. The two original 
Humphrey rams were valued at $1000 and $950, respectively. In 
1833 A. L. Brigham paid $232 per head for a flock of 261 fSpanish 
Merinos. California, a ram bred by Mr. Hammond, sold for $10,000. 
Gold Drop, from the same flock, was valued at $25,000 and offers of 
$10,000 were refused. The ram Comet at three years old had brought 
his owner $3,000 in service fees, while another ram at his death was 
reported as having earned $20,000 for his owner. Twelve sheep, 
taken by George Campbell of "Westminister to the exposition at 
Hamburg, Germany, sold for $5,000. For many years Australian 
breeders paid $500 and upward per head for Vermont sheep. In 
1862-63 prices for rams ranged from $100 to $2,000. 

Twelve Vermont Merinos, bred by Mr Campbell, took two first 
prizes and one second prize at the International Exposition at Ham- 
burg. At the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876 Vermont 
took five first and four second prizes out of a total thirteen firsts 
and fifteen seconds. The sweepstakes for the best ram of any age 
was w^on by Bismarck, owned by H. C. Burwell of Bridport. The 
$100 prize for the best flock went to Joseph Stickney of Shoreham. 
Bismarck produced in one j^ear a fleece weighing 35 lbs. 9% oz. A 
Promfret ram yielded 37% lbs. What is said to have been the heaviest 
fleece ever secured at a Vermont sheep shearing contest, weighed 
44 lbs. 3 oz. The proportion of the wool clipped to the total weight 
of the sheep was increased from 6 per cent in 1812 to an average 
of 22 per cent in 1880, and in some cases the average has been as 
high as 36 per cent. 

Nearly 7,000 Merinos were shipped from Middlebury during 
a period of four years, exclusive of large numbers sent in small lots 
by express. 

One w^ho has studied the conditions in Vermont says : ' ' The 
increasing popularity of lamb and mutton as meats spell success 
for the Vermont breeders of the mutton type. The nearness to market 
and high quality of the product should enable Vermont to compete 
sucessfully with range fed mutton, even though the gain in w^eight 
is secured more economicall3^ Choice breeding animals of the mut- 
ton type are also good property. ]\Iany breeders are now success- 
fully catering to this demand and there is plenty of room for more 
to engage in this pursuit. ****'*]\rany well clad but rugged pastures 
are so located as to be ill fltted for dairying while they will support 
sheep to good advantage." 



50 Vermont Farms 



At the annual meeting of the Vermont Dairymen's Association, 
held in Burlington January 5 and 6, 1910, C. C. Jones of Bennington, 
manager of the Fillmore Farms, who lost his life later on the ill 
fated steamship Titanic, had this to say concerning opportunities 
for sheep raising in Vermont: "Vermont was the state in all the 
United States at one time in which to find wool sheep. When I 
was in Texas we came all the way to Vermont to buy our stud 
stock, and we got good ones. Why? because they were raised in 
Vermont. We have in this state the facilities for producing the best 
stud sheep that the world knows.***** 

''There is a grade of sheep that we can handle here more profit- 
ably than in any other section of the United States, and that is the 
so-called 'hot house lamb' which is not a hot house lamb at all. It 
is a fall lamb and there in no place in the country where that lamb can 
be produced cheaper or any better than right here in Vermont. In 
New York city the demand every year is beyond the supply and 
the man who cannot raise a lamb in from nine to twelve weeks and 
sell him profitably for $10 has something wrong with him. The 
trouble is not with the sheep. I commenced to ship to New York 
markets last year the 21st of December and continued until the 10th 
of February. The least that I got for a lamb was $10.20 net. These 
lambs were not sold to private customers, but were sold to a com- 
mission man through open market, just wiiere any one of you could 
sell them, and they were raised just as any one of you could raise them. " 

The Fillmore Farms comprise about 4000 acres, mostly in Ben- 
nington, and a specialty is the raising of Horned Dorset sheep. 

It is a well known fact that sheep are beneficial to worn out 
pastures, and it is stated that sheep will eat 90 per cent of all trouble- 
some weeds. Certainly Vermont offers good opportunities for prof- 
itable sheep raising. 

SWINE 

The census of 1910 showed that at the time the enumeration was 
taken there were 94,821 swine in Vermont valued at $974,779 or 
almost a million dollars. An excellent market is offered and a good 
profit can be made in raising pork products. In only two states did 
the price exceed that in Vermont. It is possible largely to increase the 
number of swine raised, particularly if the milk is not shipped away 
so that none of the dairy product is available for feeding purposes- 

POULTRY 

Poultry on Vermont farms numbered a little less than one mil- 
lion birds in the census of 1910, 938,524, to be exact, having increased 
from 843,163, reported in 1900. iThe value of Vermont poultry was 
appraised at $607,787, compared with $421,195, ten years earlier. 
The eggs produced in 1909, as reported in the census figures, amounted 
to 7,037,082 dozens, valued at $1,715,221. 



Poultry 51 



M. A. Jull, manager and lecturer for the poultry department of 
MacDonald College, Quebec, has said: "T]ie system of mixed farm- 
ing as carried on in the State (Vermont) is ideal for the rearing 
of poultry.*** Vermont is so well adapted for poultry raising that 
it should be producing poultry products in large quantities for the 
markets which are so near. Vermont is splendidly located in respect 
to markets. Her home markets are good and she also has large markets 
near at hand. New York city is about 250 miles by railroad from the 
central portion of the state and if the right classes of goods are produced 
and shipped to New York the best prices will be received. There are 
other large markets, all of which are within easy reach of the more 
important centers of the state. The fact that there are so many large 
markets near the poultry producers of the state is a very important 
asset, since eggs and poultry products can be shipped to these markets 
and sold the following day, while perfectly fresh, and freshness is 
one of the chief factors controlling the price. 

''Vermont is so well adapted for turkey raising that it is sur- 
prising that so few turkeys are raised. Another surprising feature 
of the poultry industry of the state, is that there are so few ducks 
raised. In many places where the markets are right and trans- 
portation facilities are good, as much, if not more money can be made 
with ducks as with chickens- 

''The poultry industry is more independent of climaie than other 
branches of agriculture. The climate of the state as a whole is quite 
favorable. The country is naturally hilly and broken and many of 
the valleys provide excellent shelter for poultry plants." 

The demand in the great cities for strictly fresh eggs is so much 
greater than the supply that a great opportunity is offered. Ver- 
mont, so near these markets, should be able to supply this demand, in 
part, at least- 

This year for the first time the boys and girls of Windsor county, 
Vermont, are being organized into poultry clubs, under the auspices of 
the County Y. M. C. A. organization. The first prize in the contest 
No. 1 will be given to the member hatching the largest number of eggs, 
and another to the one having the largest number of chicks still living 
at the end of four months, out of a setting of 15 eggs. The second 
prize goes to the member having the largest total weight of chickens 
out of 15 eggs four months after hatching; third to the member writ- 
ing the best composition on hatching and rearing chickens. There 
are also special badge awards. 

On contest No. 2, first prize goes to the member rearing the highest 
scoring bird shown at an exhibition to be arranged for in the fall ; 
second, prizes for the best of the various varieties will be offered; 
third to go to the member with the highest egg record from pullets 
raised up to January 1 ; fifth, to the member presenting the best article 
on winter egg production ; sixth, to the member showing largest 



52 Vermont Farms 



profit in proportion to cost of raising the chickens from 15 eggs up 
to January 1, 1914. Specials badges will also be given in this contest. 

BEE-KEEPING 

Vermont leads New England in the number of colonies of bees 
reported by the census of 1910. 

H. W. Beecher writes of ''Bee-keeping in Vermont": "Many 
culturists explain that conditions here are the best in the country. 
Certainly if proper methods are employed, excellent results may 
be obtained. Vermont has been fortunate in not being devastated by 
bee diseases that have been so prevalent in other states." 

The total average yield of 38 bee-keepers reporting to Mr. Beecher 
was 37.44 pounds of honey per colony. Mr. Beecher says: ''Con- 
sidering that this report was received in 1909, when the honey pro- 
duction was very low, Vermont bee-keepers are to be congratulated 
on these results, for it is a relatively high average. This simply 
proves the statement that the conditions here are of the very best for 
this product." 

The average yield of honey in Vermont is from 35 to 40 pounds 
per colony. One bee-keeper reports the average yield of 44.6 pounds 
of comb honey for a period of 18 years, the price being from 15 to 
20 cents per pound. A Fair Haven man reported 160 pounds from a 
single colony. Addison county produces nearly as much honey as all 
the other Vermont counties combined. This county alone produced 
125,000 pounds of honey in 1910. J. E. Crane of Middlebury is not 
only the leading bee-keeper of Addison county, but also of Vermont, 
and perhaps of New England. In 1909 Mr. Crane had 635 colonies 
and reported a yield of 42,000 pounds of honey in a single season. 
He ships his product to New England cities, Chicago and London. In 
1909 eleven other Addison county bee-keepers each had 100 or more 
colonies of bees. 

In addition to the direct profit of bees, they are of great valut? 
in pollenating crops and are particularly beneficial to apple growers. 
The state has provided an apiary inspector to aid in keeping bee 
diseases out of Vermont. 

FORESTRY 

In a state like Vermont, which contains large areas of mountain 
land, forestry products may be considered properly as one of the 
most important crops. Lumbering is one of the leading Vermont 
industries, and the opportunities for the successful growing of timber 
are many. Large ciuantities of timber are required for wood 
working industries, and these industries may be largely increased, 
There are few states better adapted than Vermont to profitable forest 
growing. State forests have been established as follows : Downer 
State Forest, Sharon, 300 acres; L. R. Jones State Forest, Plain- 
field, 600 acres; Hapgood State Forest, Peru, 850 acres; Battell State 



Forestry 53 



Forest, Duxbury and Huntington, 1000 acres; Lyndon Sand Forest 
Plantation, Lyndon, 75 acres; George Aitken State Forest, Mendon, 
850 acres; West River State Forest, Townshend, 700 acres. The Hap-, 
good State Forest is also called Bromley Mountain Park, and Battell 
State Forest, including the summit of Camels Hump, one of the liigh- 
est peaks of the Green Mountains, is also called Camels Hump Park. 

A state forest nursery has been established at Burlington, wliicli 
sold 530,400 seedlings and transplants in 1912 to be used in various 
parts of the State. A Summer School of Forestry and Horticulture 
has been held at the Downer State Forest in Sharon. Fire wardens are 
appointed and a system of lookouts is maintained to guard against 
the spread of forest fires. 

The Legislature of 1912 passed a law relating to the taxation 
of young timber which is regarded as an encouragement to the plant- 
ing of forests, Vermont being the third state of the Union to pass 
legislation of this nature. This law provides that the lands specially 
classified under this act may include cut-over or other land fully stocked 
with forest trees not more than 15 years old, except scattered trees, 
the presence of which does not increase the assessed value of the 
property ; cut-over or other land incompletely or partially stocked with 
forest trees not more than 15 years old, when planted with a sufficient 
number of additional trees to assure a spacing of approximately 6x6 
feet over the entire area ; and open land planted with forest trees not 
less than 1000 to the acre, provided that they are species apj^roved by 
the State Forester, and provided further that the land is outside the 
limits of cities and villages. Such lands must be examined and ap- 
proved by the State Forester to benefit by this tax law. Lands so 
classified are to be taxed at the local rate on a valuation of the lands 
alone, valuation to be established by the listers, but in no case to exceed 
J?3.00 per acre, said valuation to be maintained until 1950,when the land 
shall be revalued, the valuation to be established for a further period 
of 50 years. 

Whenever a commercial cutting is mad 3 a tax of 10 per cent shall 
be levied on the gross stumpage value of the amount cut. This does 
not apply to material used and not to be sold. 

Another law was passed at the last session of the Legislature ap- 
plying to forest growth over fifteen years of age, which supplements the 
law first mentioned. Such growth ma}^ be specially classified under this 
law and when so classified it shall be taxed according to the last preced- 
ing quadrennial appraisal and no raise shall be made until 1950, when 
it may be revalued. This law does not take effect until January 1, 
1915, allowing a quadrennial appraisal to intervene. An additional 
tax of 1-10 of 1 per cent per annum for the period the land has been 
classified is levied on the gross stumpage value of timber cut. If land 
has been classified 20 years, and 100,000 feet of lumber has been cut 
worth $6. stumpage the additional tax would be $12. 



54 Vermont Farms 



It is evident that under wiser forestry regulations Vermont forests 
may become a much greater source of permanent revenue than here- 
tofore. 

Several years ago the International Paper Company established 
a nursery at Randolph for raising seedlings to be planted on their 
lands in Vermont and New Hampshire. This company estimates 
that it owns about 10,000 acres of open land available for planting 
and that about 100 acres a year will be cut and require planting. It 
intends to plant this open land during the next ten years, thus plant- 
ing about 1100 acres per year and requiring about 1,320,000 trees 
annually. It is worthy of note that this company is cutting in such 
a way as to have its forest growth reproduced naturally and is having 
all trees for lumbering marked under the direction of the State For- 
ester. 
f The Vermont Sanatorium at Pittsford has been practicing forestry 
on lands owned by that institution. In Barnet a forest of about 15 
acres, only 45 years from growing a crop of oats, is now covered with 
white pine, the largest 18 inches in diameter, easily worth $500 per 
acre, all grown on land considered too poor to keep in cultivation. On 
the Billings estate at Woodstock are pines planted 28 years ago, now 
two feet in diameter, and Norway spruce worth $3,000 per acre. 

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION 

Vermont has entered upon a policy of agricultural education that 
cannot fail to be of great benefit to the state. In addition to an 
excellent State Agricultural College and Experiment Station at Bur- 
lington, a State School of Agriculture has been established at Randolph 
Center. The last Legislature gave to the Governor and an Educational 
Commission power to establish another school of like nature in Addison 
or Rutland counties. 

An excellent agricultural school has been established in the town 
of Lyndon by T. N. Vail, one of America's leading business men. 

The principal of the Vermont State School of Agriculture located 
at Randolph Center says of the institution : ' ' The Vermont State 
School of Agriculture was established by an act of the Legislature in 
1910, for the purpose of developing the various agricultural interests 
of our State. It is a school especially equipped and perculiarly 
fitted to train young men for living in the country- It demonstrates 
the possibilities of scientific agriculture as a business proposition and 
as an occupation the peer of all others in importance and comparable 
to any of them in dignity. In short, farming is clearly shown to be 
a profession in the highest and broadest sense and as such is worthy 
of the most faithful service "and keenest study which any man can give 
to it. The chief aim of the school it to keep more of our strongest 
young men on Vermont farms. 

"The courses of the school cover the entire field of agriculture. 



Agricultural Education 55 

Strong general courses are given also in English, physics, chemistry, 
botany, law, and history. The technical courses include animal hus- 
bandry, agronomy, dairying, horticulture, poultry culture, bacteriology, 
blacksmithing, plumbing, carpentry, etc. The most up-to-date texts to be 
found are used in teaching the various subjects and the theoretical 
work of each course is reinforced and reduced to practice by a large 
amount of required work. In fact, the shops and dairy connected 
with the school are run by student labor, partly as laboratory work 
and partly as pay work. 

''The tuition is free and the living expenses of a student with the 
advantages for self help which the school offers, are very low. 

"A high school graduate who has maintained a high standard in 
scholarship during his high school career, may, upon getting the con- 
sent of the principal, complete the regular course of the school in one 
year. For others two years will be required. 

"No examinations are required for entrance, but no student will 
be admitted who is not at least in his sixteenth year and who has not 
completed the work of the common schools. 

"The school graduates a class of forty-four members this year, 
practically all of whom are already definitely located for the next 
year's w^ork. The majority of these men will go back to their home 
farms for the present. The remainder have engaged to become testers 
in cow test associations, managers of farms, teachers of agriculture 
in high schools and farm hands. Of the forty-four men, only one in- 
tends to locate outside of Vermont and everyone of the forty-four 
plans to own a farm in Vermont at the earliest possible moment. This 
proves that the school is doing just what itb establishers wanted it to 
do and with an additional appropriation of $30,000, made by the last 
Legislature for new equipment and buildings, its success is assured. 

"Write Prin. G. L. Green, Randolph Center, Vt., for catalogue." 

The principal of the Lyndon School of Agriculture says : ' ' The 
Lyndon School of Agriculture is designed to fit boys for practical farm 
work. We give them a two-year course, divided into theoretical and 
practical w^ork. The theoretical work is given forenoons throughout 
the school year, which extends from September until June. The prac- 
tical work is given for the same length of time during the afternoons. 
The boys stay on the school farm throughout the summer months and 
carry on all the farm operations. 

"Boys enter this school on two sj^stems. They may enter on the 
cash system and stay for the nine school months, or tiiey may enter 
on the work system and receive credit for work, sufficient to defray 
their expenses. The cost of either system is $200 per year. 

"The school is well equipped with buildings and tools. Excellent 
representations of the different breeds of cattle are kept in the school 
barns. Arrangements have been made witli the neighboring farmers 
for the use of their herds and flocks for demonstration purposes. 



56 Vermont Farms 



''The Agricultural School is strictly a farmers' school and it ainis 
to educate students along the various lines of work that will be met 
with on the farm and in the home life. It is not intended to fit students 
for college, but to furnish a line of training that will be of immediate 
use in farming and its allied industries, like carpentry, blacksmithing, 
masonry and concrete work, preparing the students not only to do the 
farm work intelligently, but also to do for themselves practically all 
the other work in connection with the farm, such as the repairing of 
buildings from basement to roof and the repairing of wagons and 
machinery, in a general way making them independent of any outside 
skilled labor, and also putting them in a position to assist their neigh- 
bors whenever spare time may permit. 

"A dairy barn and fifty hotbeds have been constructed by the boys 
and wagons and sleighs constructed by them have been exhibited at fairs 
and other public places. The school lias a herd of registered Ayrshires, 
Jerseys, and Holsteins. The school farm consists of 1,100 acres. The 
apple orchards of Speedwell Farms, containing 3,000 trees, are under 
the management of the school." 

While Middlebury College is not a technical institution, it en- 
deavors to give a broad cultural education without reference to par- 
ticular industries. In the various scientific branches, however, there 
is constant reference to the industries of Vermont, especially agri- 
culture. 

The college catalogue shows that instruction is given in subjects 
bearing directly on agriculture, such as fungi and lichens, bacte{riology, 
forestry, entomology, agricultural chemistry, surveying and plotting, 
highway construction, water supply, econondc geology of Vermont anci 
agricultural geology. The new chemical laboratory will have a room 
entirely devoted to milk and water analysis. 

Each winter recently the college has co-operated with the Addison 
County Agricultural Society in holding a farmers' institute at the 
United States Government Farm at Weybridge. Several experts from 
the Department of Agriculture have given most instructive addresses 
and conducted judging demonstrations. These have been largerly at- 
tended b}^ the farmers of Addison County. 

A Eural Life Conference was held from July 7tli to July 13th, 
1913, in connection with the regular summer session of Middlebury 
College. 

The College of Agriculture 

The State College of Agriculture which is a department of the 
University of Vermont is located in beautiful Burlington, a city that 
is popularly denominated the Queen City of Vermont. The build- 
ings of the college are on high ground on the eastern border of the 
city and overlook Lake Champlain and the Adirondack mountains on 
the west and the Green mountains, with Mansfield and Camels Hump 



The College of Agriculture 57 

prominently on the landscape, on the east. The College of Agriculture 
is housed, in a building called Morrill Hall, named after the great sen- 
ator, Justin S. Morrill, which was the first real gift of the State to 
Agriculture, in honor of the senator who introduced the bill providing 
the national grant for the establishment of state colleges throughout 
the country. 

It is the aim of the Department of Agriculture to impart to its 
►students information both theoretical and practical which will enable 
them successful!}^ to engage in agricultural pursuits, including practical 
farming, teaching, or research work as may be desired- The main 
object is to teach agriculture as a pure or an applied science; but not 
to neglect the practical aspects in every department of agricultural 
instruction. At the present time the several courses are sub-divided 
as follows: A course in agriculture and horticulture; a course in ani- 
mal husbandry; a course in forestry; a course for the training of 
teachers in agriculture in the secondary schools. Instruction is given 
in these several subdivisions of the college work by men well prepared in 
their several lines. In agriculture, instruction is given in agricultural 
botany, soils and soil management, breeds, stock breeding, sheep, swine 
poultry, fruit, crops, including forage, fiber and cereal plants, stock feed- 
ing, dairying, farm management, farm mechanics and equipment. In 
botany, stress is laid upon the general principles of the subject, the sys- 
tematical arrangement of plants and the fundamental application of 
botanical science to economic plants. In zoology, attention is given 
toward the development of a good understanding of the fundamental 
principles and various forms of animal life especially of insects. In 
veterinary science the anatomy of domesticated animals, the physiology, 
liistology, and diseases of animals are taught. In horticulture, vegetable 
gardening, fruit growing, landscape gardening, plant breeding and 
greenhouse management are the leading features of the subject. In 
forestry, attention is directed to the management of timber lands, forest 
mensuration, botany of forest trees, nursery management and re- 
forestation. Instruction in dairying is given, concerning the produc- 
tion of milk, its chemical composition, physical properties, care and 
handling of milk, cream, production of milk, butter, cheese, ice 
cream, cream and milk testing. 

The College of Agriculture is supported to a very large degree 
by government funds provided for in the land gram act of 1862. 
Of late the state has realized a part of its responsibilities and has 
made small appropriations for scholarships for students in 
the College of Agriculture and a two-year appropriation for exten- 
sion service which is to include field and orchard demonstrations, exhib- 
its at state fairs and elsewhere, farm trains, popular lectures, and 
general correspondence in all matters of an agricultural nature. 

The Agricultural College staff contains the names of twelve men 
in addition to the President. These men devote much but not nearly 
all of their time to teaching work. Nearly all the members of the 



58 Vermont Farms 



staff of the College of Agriculture are on the staff' of the State Ex- 
periment Station, and the State Forester has obligations to the State 
of Vermont outside of his college and station duties. The college of 
Agriculture is only moderately well equipped for the work which it 
is designed to do, but with the increased state support it may become one 
of the best equipped colleges in the eastern United States. 

Visitors are always welcome at the college. For the most part 
the buildings are open to interested parties, classes may be visited, 
buildings inspected and instructors interviewed. The greenhouses, 
dairies, botanical forestry and horticultural collections, also house- 
hold economics rooms, are places of interest. 

The college will soon put into operation an extension service 
whereby men from the institution will be able to do visitorial work 
over the state, thus to be of more direct service to the rural public 
of Vermont. 

VERMONT AGRICULTURAL EXPERLMENT STATION 

The Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station is organized under 
an Act of the General Assembly of 1886 and by subsequent 
acts of 1887 and 1906 by the federal government. The experiment 
station was founded with the idea of carrying on scientific research 
in subjects in agriculture or subjects relative thereto. In the earlier 
days much work was less scientific and more popular but in later years 
it has, by nature of government regulations, had to confine itself more 
strictly to experimental and investigational subjects which have some 
bearing and direct application to Vermont agriculture. In addi- 
tion to its scientific studies the station is prepared to analyze food, 
especially for domestic use, seeds, milk and dairy products which are 
deemed to be of benefit to the agricultural public of Vermont. 

The experimental work is of several kinds and characters. The 
general importance of dairying in Vermont has seemed to justify 
special attention to research work along the lines relating to crop 
production, dairying and creamery management. To this end the 
station has the use of a 200 acre farm, and a dairy in excess of 60 
head of cattle with sufficient men to take charge of the several aspects 
of the work. Extended trials have been conducted concerning the 
value of different feeds and their effect on the quality and quantity 
of milk and on the life of the cow. Within recent years particular 
attention has been given to the development of work in fores- 
try, especially related to the management of timber lands, the 
caring of nursery trees and the general management of forest areas. 
In horticulture, chief attention has been given to the study of the 
potato and its enemies and ways and means of meeting the various 
problems arising in the production of this yery important crop in 
Vermont. The work of the botanical staff" relates to the study of 
diseases of cultivated plants, the culture of forage plants and the 
control of injurious weeds. The veterinarian has prosecuted far- 
reaching studies of the diseases of dairy cows. The analysis of ferti- 



MiSCELLxVNEOUS 59 



lizers, dairy feeds, and the testing of creamery glassware constitutes 
a part of the numerous duties of the chemist of the station. 

The station has published bulletins to the number of 166, many 
of which are of an entirely scientific nature by reason of federal regula- 
tion, but none the less valuable bulletins which have been sent out to 
interested parties in the state. The usual size of the edition at present 
is 15,000 copies and there are at present 9000 names of Vermonters 
on the mailing list- Publications are not issued regularly but when 
a piece of work is completed and ready for presentation to the agri- 
cultural public. Bulletins of the station are free and mailed upon 

request. 

The Experiment Station is housed for the most part in Morrill 
Hall and under the same roof with the College of Agriculture. In- 
terested parties are welcome to visit the research laboratories, barns, 
dairy, greenhouses, and other buildings. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

Vermont is a healthful state. The air is pure and invigorating, 
the water supplies are exceptionally good, and the state is remarkably 
free, owing to its elevation, from unhealthful natural conditions. 
Deaths from typhoid decreased in Vermont, from 1885 to 1909, 57.7 
per cent, compared with the preceding twenty-five year period. Deaths 
from tubercular diseases decreased 31.6 per cent from 1885 to 1909, 
compared with the period from 1860 to 1884. Fatal cases of diphtheria 
are very rare in Vermont. 

In the matter of education Vermont leads all the states of the 
Union in the record of school attendance, with 927 children out of 
every thousand in public or private schools, according to a recent re- 
port made by the division of education of the Russell Sage Foundation. 
Vermont's rank among the forty-eight states is twelfth in educational 
advancement. For each $100 of wealth, Vermont spends forty cents for 
education, ranking ninth in this respect. 

It is possible to develop many features not alluded to. For ex- 
ample, more than $20,000 was paid out in September and October and 
the first half of November, 1910, for the gathering of wild ferns in the 
Bennington county towns of Woodford, Stamford, Searsburg, and 
Readsboro. These ferns are kept in cold storage for the use of florists. 
Ginseng is cultivated in some parts of Vermont. 

It is possible for farmers who desire to take summer boarders to 
make considerable money by so doing and many hill farms may pro- 
vide sites for summer homes to good advantage. 

With the vast amount of available water power in the state, it is 
possible to develop electricity at comparatively small cost. Already 
some farmers are lighting their houses and barns with electricity and 
are using electric power to run ensilage cutters and washing machines, 
operate churns, and for a great variety of purposes. This use of elec- 
tricity is likely to become more general in sniall communities as well as 



60 Vermont Farms 



in cities and villages, thus adding materially to tlie comforts and con- 
veniences of rural life. 

SOME EXAMPLES OF VERMONT FARMING. 

A few examples of successful Vermont farming are given here- 
with. They are chosen at random and many others equally as good, and 
perhaps much better, might be secured. 

Luke Fisher, of Cabot, now a retired farmer, took his father's farm, 
underdrained the wet, soggy portions, cultivated the land so success- 
fully that it produced five times as much as it did when he commenced in 
1869, established a fine dairy, and demonstrated what can be done 
with what looks at the start like an unpromising Vermont farm. 

W. B. Wheelock of Colchester, after working several years in a 
creamery, bought a small farm and put on ten cows. In order to bring 
1he cattle through the first winter he had to buy $134 worth of hay. He 
read with care and profit the bulletins of the Vermont Experiment Sta- 
tion and put in practice so far as possible modern scientific methods. 
In a few years he was able to winter twent}^ head of cattle and a horse 
and is now getting into thoroughbred stock. 

C. J. Barbour, of Bridport, Vt., a rural letter carrier, within the 
past five years has purchased two farms, one of two hundred acres and 
the other of three hundred acres. The first he rents and the second he 
lias stocked with young cattle and manages it himself. The past spring 
he sold 33 three-year-old steers grown on the farm, for $55 each. He 
writes as follows: "I would say to the young man who is thirty, tem- 
perate in all things and willing to work, you need not be afraid to buy 
a farm right here in Vermont at the present price of real estate, even 
though you are obliged to mortgage the same for two-thirds of the pur- 
chase price." 

A few years ago Dr. T. R. Waugh of St. Albans purchased River- 
nook Farm in Highgate, containing 400 acres, for which he paid 
$25,000. He has erected an immense 16-sided barn, 100 feet in diame- 
ter and in the center of the barn is a silo 19 feet in diameter and 40 
feet high. There are 300 acres in one meadow. This meadow is a mile 
wide and one and one-half miles long, one of the longest jn New Eng- 
land. It is overflowed every spring by the Missisquoi river. This farm 
produces 30 bushels of wheat to the acre and in 1910, 29 acres produced 
4200 bushels of corn, some of which won prizes at the New England 
Corn Show. 

A letter from J. N. Barss, superintendent of the Vermont State 
Industrial School at Vergennes, describing farming operations at that 
institution, may be of interest. Mr. Barss says : ' ' Replying to your in- 
quiry of May 9th I would say that unfortunately for us with our large 
family and the necessity of garden track, our farm is almost entirely 
stiff, heavy clay. From personal experience we cannot report as fav- 
orably as we would like along many lines. We have tried some exper- 
iments with different kinds of grain, have raised for several different 



Miscellaneous 61 



years from 40 to 42 bushels of wheat per acre, approximately 45 bush- 
els of oats per acre, 50 bushels of oats and barley per acre, and about 
60 bushels of spelts per acre. For three successive years our field corn 
averaged from 70 to 85 bushels of ears per acre. 

"We are able to grow hay in almost any quantity. With an ex- 
perience over a large section of eastern Canada and most of New Eng- 
land I have seen on several occasions hay crops on this farm beyond 
anj^thiur I have seen anywhere. The latter part of June, 1912, I was 
visited by a man with 40 years experience in agriculture, who was just 
finishing a trip covering a large part of eastern Canada and part of 
New England. 1 drove him through the fields on this farm and to my 
surprise he told me had never seen as heavy crops of hay as I had 
showed him that day. 

' ' You must remember that we are not hay growers nor grain grow- 
ers and that no one feature of agriculture can exclusively occupy our 
attention, as our business is the reformation of boys. We have gone 
far enough, however, in our experiments here to convince us that it 
would be difficult indeed to find a country where the same amount of 
capital, labor, and intelligence would produce greater results than in 
this section of Vermont. 

"The results with our dairy are crippled by the fact that most of 
the boys who go out from here must go on farms and it is absolutely 
necessary that they should be milkers, therefore we have to break 
in many milkers which is a decided detriment to our herd. Even 
with this handicap our dairy slio\\s a good profit with the money 
and time invested. 

"Having spent the earlier part of my life in the far-famed 
fruit region of the Annapolis valleys of Nova Scotia, and having spent 
many winters in packing and shipping fruit, my attention is forci- 
bly called to the possibilities of apple growing in this state. We 
have heard much of late of the perfect condition for fruit growing 
on the Hero islands. Undoubtedly the conditions there are ideal, 
but my observation leads me to believe that there is no better fruit- 
growing country in America than the foot-hills of our Vermont 
mountains. I believe that w^here the Champlain valley rises on to 
higher ground the slopes of the entire length of this valley 
would prove almost ideal for fruit culture. 

"I am thoroughly convinced that there are as good agricultural 
opportunities for the young man in Vermont as anywhere in America 
today and I believe that for the average young man the openings 
in agriculture are better than in any other vocation." 

Mrs. Carrie J. Nelson-Shackford of East Ryegate, was left a 
widow with a large family. By good management she paid off the 
mortgage and made a great success of her farm. During the last 
twenty years she has taken $547.42 in prizes on her butter. Dairy- 
ing is the principal business of the farm, from 50 to 60 cattle be- 



62 Vermont Farms 



ing kept. High grade Jerseys constitute the herd and last year 
the price of butter averaged 34 cents per pound. 

C. F. Smith of Morristown, a former master of the State Grange, 
has a fine dairy farm containing about 350 acres. His large barns 
contain room for over a hundred head of cattle and a large Bos- 
ton hotel has taken his entire output of butter for many years. 

The house and barns are lighted by electricity and an electric 
motor runs the cream separator, the milking machines, the ensilage 
cutter, the churn and the washing machine. 

In 1885, A. A. Dunklee of Vernon, rented his father's farm 
of 100 acres and two years later he bought it for $3700 giving 
a mortgage for the entire amount. When he began farming opera- 
tions the place supported four cows, twenty sheep and one horse. 
Today the place supports 90 milch cows and enough young stock 
to bring the number up to 125, 7 horses and about 60 hogs. Mr. 
Dunklee specializes in the sale of cream and this averages probably 
$10,000 a year. The average returns from the herd in recent years 
have been equal to from 350 to 380 pounds of butter each. There 
are four large silos on the place. Considerable sweet corn is grown for 
canning purposes, also cucumbers for a pickle factory. 

T. G. Bronson of East Hardwick is one of the leading dairy 
farmers of Vermont. At the Vermont State Fair in 1908 this farm 
won the special $150 cup offered for the best Jersey cow in the 
state. In 1909 this farm won another special cup at the Ver- 
mont State Fair for the best cow shown with two of her progeny 
and subject to a twenty-four hour butter fat test. The same year 
this herd won six champions and a total of 34 out of a possible 35 
first premiums. Mr. Bronson is keeping five times as much stock and 
getting more than five times the income than he had when he started 
in 1887. 

A few Lamoille county illustrations have been furnished where 
it was desired that names should not be used. A — B — bought an 
$8000 farm about twenty years ago and had only a little money 
he had earned by working several years for the owner. He married 
a good wife and has raised a large family of children. He has 
paid for the farm and for several years has had money in the bank. 
The value of the farm is probably $12,000. 

H — C — worked by the day until he was forty years old. He 
bought a $3000 farm on credit and had other debts at the time. 
The farm stock and tools are now paid for and the property is worth 
from $4000 to $5000. 

F — B — bought a $5000 farm and had only a little money to 
pay toward stock. In ten years he had the place paid for and now 
mlilks forty cows and has a milking machine and other modern 
improvements. 

E — F — has a farm and stock which he has paid for with a 
little help in a few years. 



Miscellaneous 63 



G — A — has a farm and stock worth nearly $10,000; has money 
in the bank and is in independent circumstances. He started with 
$2000 capital. 

The Ox Bow Farm in Newbury, on the Connecticut river, owned 
by Richard F. Darling, is called one of the best in the state. It 
consists of three separate meadows, two home pastures, and one 
large pasture several miles away on the hill. The Ox Bow meadow- 
contains 130 acres; the Kimball meadow contains 165 acres, and a 
third meadow contains 40 acres. The three pastures conjtain, in 
the aggregate, 290 acres. The meadows are flooded every spring 
by the Connecticut river. The lower parts of the meadows yield 
from three to five tons to the acre of stock hay in two cuttings. 
Silos are used, not only for winter feeding, but to supplement the 
pastures in the summer. A yield of 50 or 60 bushels of oats to 
the acre is not unusual. Holstein cattle are kept on the farm. Mr. 
Darling closes his letter as follows: "Farming on a good farm, 
while it is hard work, is certainly profitable and as the farm gains 
fertility, and we get better cattle, just so much more will be our income 
of health, w^ealth and happiness." 

The Billings farm at Woodstock is one of the best known farms 
of the state. Its manager, James D. Aitken, writes as follows : ' ' Last 
season all our crops were raised from stable manure alone, no com- 
mercial manures being used. We plow all our land in the fall, 
turning under a liberal amount of well rotted stable manure. In 
spring plow again and thoroughly harrow. 

"Our regular crops are hay, corn, oats and potatoes, and in 
addition we raise quite a lot of mangles, some turnips and carrots. 
Last season we had in addition three acres of winter wheat, which 
averaged 43 bushels per acre. Our corn acreage last year was less 
than usual, 30 acres, but generally Ave have from forty to fifty 
acres. From the 30 acres w^e husked 3,201 bushel baskets of sound mill 
corn. Potatoes, usually about two acres, and from the two acres last 
fall we had 534 bushels. 

"Three acres of mangles averaged 32 tons per acre. Oats last 
year averaged 441/0 bushels per acre. We are great believers in 
stable manures, so much so that in order to have stock enough to 
consume our hay and roughage and not to sell the same off the 
farm, we bought in August, 1911 a carload of yearling beef steers 
in Chicago. On arrival they were turned to pasture and ran until 
fall, then yarded and fed the hay and roughage, all they would 
eat, no grain. In the spring of 1912 they were again pastured until 
fall, then taken up and fed to fatten, sold in January and February 
of this year, and we know at a profit. They were fat, handsome 
two-year-old beef and brought the top price. They made us lots of 
manure and we were so w^ell pleased with the experiment, that 
this past August we bought seventy-five head more. These will un- 



64 Vermont Farms 



dergo the same treatment. This followed up will increase our fer- 
tilizing and perhaps will increase the average yield of crops. 

"Too much Vermont cash goes out of the state for commercial 
manures, and too much hay is baled and shipped out. We run a 
dairy of 20 to 25 cows, but this and the natural increase does 
not begin to use up the forage crops." 

The Fillmore Farms at Bennington, are owned by J. C. Colgate, 
a prominent New York business man. Mr. Colgate spends his sum- 
mers here, makes frequent visits during the winter and maintains 
his voting residence here. A specialty is made of Horned Dorset 
sheep and Jersey cattle. These sheep have been prize winners all 
over the country for the past dozen years. This farm is run on 
a business basis, every part of it being carefully systematized and 
books are kept covering the receipts and expenses of every department. 

Edward H. Everett was brought up in Bennington, remain- 
ing there until he grew to manhood, then he went to Newark, Ohio, 
where he made a fortune in the glass business. Returning two or 
three years ago he purchased a string of farms extending trojn 
Town hill in Bennington nearly to North Pownal. On the farms 
he has purchased he has set out orchards aggregating 42,000 trees 
at the present time. Of this number 36,000 are apple trees and 
the remainder pear, cherry, plum and peach. Mr. Everett is in- 
terested in the apple canning industry in Ohio. If the quality 
proves what he hopes, he expects to produce high grade table apples. 
If the quality should not be of the best, probably the apples will 
be shipped to the canning factory in Ohio. 



THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION. 

This book opened with the question, "What inducements can 
Vermont offer an ambitious, wideawake farmer to settle in the Green 
Mountain state?" The portion of the book following this question 
is devoted almost entirely to an attempt to answer it. Whether the 
question has been answered satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily, whether 
the showing made for the state is good, bad or indifferent, are mat- 
ters which must be left to the judgment of the individual reader. 

A few facts stand out so clearly that they cannot well be 
challenged. The fertility of the soil of Vermont is indicated by 
reports of crop yields made by the United States government, cover- 
ing a period of more than fort}^ years, which show that very few 
states in the Union equal Vermont in the average yield per acre of 
staple crops or in the average price received for the same. Ver- 
mont's proximity to markets requires only a rudimentary knowl- 
edge of geography to demonstrate. The comparatively low price of 
Vermont farm lands, coupled with the great agricultural oppor- 
tunities of the state, certainly furnish inducements that no prospec- 
tive purchaser of a farm can afford to ignore. There is money to 
be made and comfort to be enjoyed in farming in Vermont. 



Agricultural Publications 65 



AGRICULTURAL PUBLICATIONS 

The following lists of free publications bearing relationship to 
Vermont agricultural operations may be of service to those who 
contemplate farming operations within her borders. They may be 
obtained for the asking. Care should be taken to write to the proper 
place for several lists are cited. The black face statement at the be- 
ginning of each list will serve to identify them. 

I. United States Department of Agriculture: Division of Publications, 
Washington, D. C. 

II. Vermont Experiment Station, Burlington, Vt. 

III. Extension Service: College of Agriculture, University of Vermont, 

Burlington, Vt. 

IV. Commissioner of Agriculture, St. Albans, Vt. 

II. PLANT PRODUCTION. 
I. Agronoiny. 

(Including Soils, Fertilizers, Field Crops, and Crop Pests.) 

Farmers' Bulletins. 1 

35. Potato Culture. Pp. 24, figs. 2. 

164. Rape as a Forage Crop. Pp. 16, fig. 1. 

192. Barnyard Manure. Pp. 32, figs. 4. 

224. Canadian Field Peas. Pp. 16, figs. 4. 

229. The Production of Good Seed Corn. Pp. 23, figs. 10. ' 

245. The Renovation of Worn-out Soils. Pp. 16. 

2 5 0. The Prevention of Stinking Smut of Wheat and Loose Smut of Oats. 

Pp. 16, figs. 7. 

253. The Germination of Seed Corn. Pp. 16, figs. 4. 

257. Soil Fertility. Pp. 40, figs. 2. 

266. Management of Soils to Conserve Moisture. Pp. 30, figs. 7. 

289. Beans. Pp. 28, figs. 12. (North.) 

313. Harvesting and Storing Corn. Pp. 29, figs. 17. 

339. Alfalfa. Pp. 48, figs. 14. 

362. Conditions Affecting the Value of Market Hay. Pp. 29, figs. 7. 

372. Soy Beans. Pp. 26, figs. 6. 

4 6. Soil Conservation. Pp. 15. 

410. Potato Culls as a Source of Industrial Alcohol. Pp. 40, figs. 10. 

414. Corn Cultivation. Pp. 32, figs. 25. 

415. Seed Corn. Pp. 12, figs. 23. 

420. Oats: Distribution and Uses. Pp. 24, figs. 4. 

421. Control of Blowing Soils. Pp. 23, figs. 10. 
424. Oats: Growing the Crop. Pp. 44, figs. 13. 

428. Testing Farm Seeds in the Home and in the Rural School. Pp. 4 7, 

figs. 32. 

443. Barley: Growing the Crop. Pp. 48, figs. 17. 

455. Red Clover. Pp. 48, figs. 25. 

464. The Eradication of Quack Grass. Pp. 11, figs. 6. 

485. Sweet Clover. 

507. The Smuts of Wheat, Oats, Barley and Corn. 

508. Market Hay. 
515. Vetches. 

518. Winter Barley. 
523. Tobacco Curing. 

Doc. 441. Commercial Fertilizers: Their Uses and Value. Pp. — . 
631. Farm Fertilizers. Pp. 8. 

Bureau of Entomology Circulars. 
87. The Colorado Potato Beetle. Pp. 15, figs. 6. 



QQ Vermont Farms 



Yearbook Reprints. 

456. Cropping System for Stock Farms. Pp. 14. (1907.) 
4 88. Some Things that the Grower of Cereals and Forage Crops Should 
Know About Insects. Pp. 22, pis. 3, figs. 17. (1908.) 

494. The Development of Farm Crops Resistant to Disease. Pp. 10, 

pis. 2. (1908.) 

495. Soil Mulches for Checking Evaporation. Pp. 8, figs. 7. (1908.) 
507. The Function and Value of Soil Bacteria. Pp. 7, figs. 2. (1909.) 
530. Nitrogen-Gathering Plants. Pp. 8, pis. 8. (1910.) 

357. Insect enemies of Tobacco in the United States. Pp. 20, pi. 1, 
figs. 13. (1910.) 
1 See also many bulletins in the list under Experiment Station Work,p22. 

2. Horticulture. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 1 

61. Asparagus Culture. Pp. 40. tigs. 17. 

113. (Rev.) The Apple and How to Grow It. Pp. 32, figs. 10. 

154. The Home Fruit Garden: Preparation and Care. Pp. 16, figs. 6. 

156. The Home Vineyard with Special Reference to Northern Conditions. 

Pp. 22, figs. 15. 

157. The Propagation of Plants. Pp. 24, figs. 22. 
176. Cranberry Culture. Pp. 20, figs. 12. 

181. Pruning. Pp. 39, figs. 25. 

185. Beautifying the Home Grounds. Pp. 24, figs. 8. 

19 5. Annual Flowering Plants. Pp. 48, figs. 55. 

198. Strawberries. Pp. 24, figs. 15. 

213. Raspberries. Pp. 38, figs. 25. 

220. Tomatoes. Pp. 32, figs 13. 

231. Spraying for Cucumber and Melon Diseases. Pp. 24, figs. 8. 

243. Fungicides and Their Use in Preventing Diseases of Fruits. Pp. 32, 

figs. 17. 

248. The Lawn. Pp. 20, figs. 5. 

254. Cucumbers. Pp. 30, figs. 14. 

255. The Home Vegetable Garden. Pp. 47, figs. 34. 
282. Celery. Pp. 36^ figs. 16. 

2 83. Spraying for Apple Diseases and the Codling Moth in the Ozarks. 
Pp. 42, figs. 7. 

284. Insect and Fungus Enemies of the Grape East of the Rocky Moun- 
tains. Pp. 48, tigs. 35. 

354. Onion Culture. Pp. 36, tigs. 20. 

407. The Potato as a Truck Crop. Pp. 24. 

433. Cabbage. Pp. 23, tigs. 11. 

434. The Home Production of Onion Seed and Sets. Pp. 24, figs. 12. 
440. Spraying Peaches for the Control of Brown-rot, Scab, and Curculio. 

Pp. 40. figs 14. 

453. Danger of General Spread of the Gipsy and Brown-tail Moths Through 
Imported Nursery Stock. Pp. 22, tigs. 7. 

460. Frames as a Factor in Truck Growing. Pp. 29, figs. 12. 

482. The Pear and How to Grow It. 

488. Diseases of Cabbage and Related Crops and Their Control. 

4 91. The Profitable Management of the small Apple Orchard on the Gen- 
eral Farm. 

492. The More Important Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Fruit and 
Foliage of the Apple. 

494. Lawns and Lawn Soils. 

521. Canning Tomatoes at Home and in Club Work, 

Bureau of Entomology Circulars 
42. How to Control the San Jose Scale. Pp. 6. 



Agricultural Publications 67 



121. The Oyster-shell Scale and the Scurfy Scale. Pp. 15, figs. 2. 
124. The San Jose Scale and Its Control. Pp. 18, figs. 10. 

Yearbook Reprints. 
47. Small-fruit Culture for Market. Pp. 12, pi, 1. (1895.) 
197. How Birds Affect the Orchard. Pp. 14, figs. 5. (1900.) 

2 61. The San Jose Scale: Its Native Home and Natural Enemy. Pp. 20, 

pis. 6, figs. 3. (1902.) 
266. Top Working Orchard Trees. Pp. 14, pis. 4, figs. 8. (1902.) 
293. The Cultivation and Fertilization of Peach Orchards. Pp. 20, pis. 6, 

(1902.) I 

386. The Principal Insect Enemies of the Peach. Pp. 24, pis. 7, figs. 7. 

(1905.) 

387. The Handling of Fruit for Transportation. Pp. 14, pis. 4. (1905.) 

3 88. Meadow Mice in Relation to Agriculture and Horticulture. Pp. 14, 

pis. 4, fig. 1. (1905.) 
433. Lime-sulphur Washes for the San Jose Scale. Pp. 18. (1906.) 
480. Information about Spraying for Orchard Insects. Pp. 22, pis. 5. 

(1908.) 
504. Plants Useful to Attract Birds and Protect Fruit. Pp. 11. (1909.) 
519. Prevention of Frost Injury to Fruit Crops. Pp. 7, pi. 1, fig. 1. 

(1909.) , 
546. Cooperation in the Marketing and Handling of Fruit. Pp. 20. (1910.) 

3. Forestry. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 

99. Three Insect Enemies of Shade Trees. Pp. 30, figs. 11. 
173. A Primer of Forestry. Part I: The Forest. Pp. 48, figs. 33. 
228. Forest Planting and Farm Management. Pp. 22, figs. 3. 
35 8. A Primer of Forestry. Part II: Practical Forestry. Pp. 4 8, figs. 25. 

(See also Bulletin 27 6 in the list under Experiment Station Work, p.2 3) 
468. Forestry in Nature Study. Pp. 43, figs. 13. 

Forest Service Circulars. 

2 5. Forestry and the Lumber Supply. Pp. 14. 

61. (Rev.) How to Transplant Forest Trees. Pp. 4. 

69. Forest Planting Leafiet. Pp. 4. 

140. What Forestry Has Done. Pp. 32. 

157. A Primer of Conservation. Pp. 24. t 

165. Practical Assistance to Owners of Forest Lands and to Tree Planters. 

Pp. 7. 

166. The Timber Supply of the United States. Pp. 24. figs. 6. 

167. The Status of Forestry. Pp. 29. 

171. The Forests of the United States: Their Use. Pp. 25. 
180. Lumber Saved by using Odd Lengths. Pp. 5. 

Yearbook Reprints. 

112. Trees of the United States Important in Forestry. Pp. 26. (1897.) 
2 68. Some of the Principal Insect Enemies of Coniferous Forests in the 

United States. Pp. 18, pis. 2, figs. 10. (1902.) 
270. Practicability of Forest Planting in the United States. Pp. 12, 

pis. 4. (1902.) 
274. Influence of Forestry upon the Lumber Industry. Pp. 3. pis. 3. 

(1902.) 
327. Insect Injuries to Hardwood Forest Trees. Pp. 16, figs. 17. 

(1908.) 
329. The Relation of Forests to Stream Flow. Pp. 10. (1903.) 
355. Insect Injuries to Forest Products. Pp. 18, figs. 14. (1904.) 
376. How to Grow Young Trees for Forest Planting. Pp. 10, pis. 1, fig. 

1. (1905.) 



68 ' Vermont Farms 



381. Insect Enemies of Forest Reproduction. Pp. 8, figs. 9. (1905.) 
434. National Forests and the Lumber Supply. Pp. 6. (1906.) 
442. Notable Depredations by Forest Insects. Pp. 16. (1907.) 
52 3. Injuries to Forest Trees by Flat-headed Borers. Pp. 6, figs. 12. 

(1909.) 
525. The management of Second-growth Sprout Forests. Pp. 16, pis. 2 

(1910.) 
534. Progress in Saving Forest Waste. Pp. 16, pis. 3. (1910.) 
542. Injuries to Forests and Forest Products by Round-headed Borers. 

Pp. 20, figs. 12. (1910.) 
548. Fire Prevention and Control in the National Forests. Pp. 16, pis. 

6. (1910.) 
1 Circulars dealing with the more important forest trees may be had 
by writing the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, 

D. C. 

III. ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 

1. Farm Animals. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 1 

22 (Rev.) The Feeding of Farm Animals. Pp. 4 0. 
49. Sheep Feeding. Pp. 24. 

71. Essentials in Beef Production. Pp. 24, figs. 17. 

96. Raising Sheep for Mutton. Pp. 4 8, figs. 18. 

170. Principles of Horse Feeding. Pp. 44. 

205 (Rev.) Pig Management. Pp. 40, figs. 22. 

206. Milk Fever and Its Treatment. Pp. 16, figs. 2. 

346. The Computation of Rations for Farm Animals by the Use of Energy 
Values. Pp. 32. 

350. The Dehorning of Cattle. Pp. 14, figs. 6. 

351. The Tuberculin Test of Cattle for Tuberculosis. Pp. 8. 
379. Hog Cholera. Pp. 2 3, figs. 3. 

438. Hog Houses. Pp. 25, figs. 21. 

439. Anthrax with Special Reference to Its Suppression. Pp. 16. 

Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 

23 (3. Rev.) Directions for the Use of Blackleg Vaccine. Pp.8, figs. 3. 
31 (3. Rev.) Blackleg: Its Nature, Cause, and Prevention. Pp. 24, 

fig.l. 

63. A Review of Some Experimental Work in Pig Feeding. Pp. 49. 

68 (Rev.) Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels of Cattle. Pp. 10. 

78. Glanders and Farcy. Pp. 12. 

89. The Preparation of Emulsions of Crude Petroleum (for cattle par- 
asites). Pp. 4. 

94. Foot Rot of Sheep. Pp. 20, fig. 1. 
102. Stomach Worms in Sheep. Pp. 7. 
105. Baby Beef. Pp. 105, pi. 1, figs. 5. 
113. Classification of American Carriage Horses. Pp. 4. 
137. The Preservation of Our Native Types of Horses. Pp. 59, pi. 1, 

figs. 19. 
141. Foot-and-mouth Disease. Pp. 8. 

144. Tuberculosis of Hogs: Its Cause and Suppression. Pp. 32, pis. 4. 
157. The Prevention of Losses among Sheep from Stomach Worms. 

Pp. 10. 
163. The Regeneration of the Morgan Horse. Pp. 14, figs. 2. 
165. Methods for the Eradication of Gid. Pp. 29, figs. 14. 
175. The Control of Bovine Tuberculosis. Pp. 27. 
178. Breeding Horses for the United States Army. Pp. 13. 

Bureau of Plant Industry Circulars. 

74. The Sulphur Bleaching of Commercial Oats and Barley. Pp. 13, figs. 4 



Agricultural Publiuations 69 



Bureau of Entomology Circulars. 
15. The Horn Fly. Pp. 13, figs. 6. 

Yearbook Reprints. 

15. Some Practical Suggestions for the Suppression and Prevention of 

Bovine Tuberculosis. Pp. 14. (1894.) 
456. Cropping System for Stock Farms. Pp. 14. (19 07.) 
484. Recent Work of the Bureau of Animal Industry Concerning the Cause 

and Prevention of Hog Cholera. Pp. 12. (1908.) 

I See also Bulletins 107, 119, 144, 222, 225, 244, 251, 273, 316, 366, 
381, and 451 in the list under Experiment Station Work, pp. 22-25. 

2. Poultry. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 11 

51 (Rev.) Standard Varieties of Chickens. Pp. 48, figs. 42. 

64 (Rev.) Ducks and Geese. Pp. 55, figs. 37. 

177 (Rev.) Squab Raising. Pp. 32, figs. 11. 

200. Turkeys. Pp. 40, figs. 12. 

234. The Guinea Fowl. Pp. 24, figs. 3. 

236. Incubation and Incubators. Pp. 32, figs. 11. 

287. Poultry Management. Pp. 48, figs. 14. 

355. A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm. Pp. 40, figs. 7. 

35 7. Methods of Poultry Management at the Maine Agricultural Experi- 
ment Station. Pp. 39, figs 10. 

445. Marketing Eggs through the Creamery. Pp. 12. 

Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 

12 8. White Diarrhea of iChicks with Notes on Coccidiosis in Birds. Pp. 7. 

Bureau of Entomology Circular. 

92. Mites and Lice on Poultry. Pp. 8, figs 6. 

Bureau of Chemistry Circular. 

61. How to Kill and Bleed Market Poultry. Pp. 15, figs. 5. 

Yearbook Reprints. 

552. The Effect of the Present Method of Handling Eggs on the Industry 
and the Product. Pp. 20, pi. 1. (1910.) 

II See also many of the bulletins in the list under Experiment Station 
Work, p. 22. 

IV. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY. 

1. Dairying. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 

55 (Rev.) The Dairy Herd. Pp. 30. 

106. Breeds of Dairy Cattle. Pp. 48, figs. 21. 

166. Cheese Making on the Farm. Pp. 16, figs. 3. 

2 01. The Cream Separator on Western Farms. Pp. 23. 

2 SO. A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm. Pp. 16, figs. 3. 

33 7. Cropping Systems for New England Dairy Farms. Pp. 24, figs. 2. 

355. A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm. Pp. 40, figs. 7. 

413. The Care of Milk and Its Use in the Home. Pp. 20. 

445. Marketing Eggs Through the Creamery. Pp. 12. 

487. Cheese and Its Economical Uses in the Diet. 

490. Bacteria in Milk. 

Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 

118. The Unsuspected but Dangerously Tuberculous Cow. Pp. 19, figs. 7. 
126. A Simple Method of Keeping Creamery Records. Pp. 12. 
130. Paraffining Butter Tubs. Pp. 6, fig. 1. 

142. Some Important Factors in the Production of Sanitary Milk. Pp. 
18, figs. 12. 



70 Vermont Farms 



143. Milk and Its Products as Carriers of Tuberculosis Infection. Pp. 7. 
153. The Dissemination of Disease by Dairy Products. Pp. 57, figs. 11. 
158. Improved Methods for the Production of Market Milk by Ordinary 

Dairies. Pp. 12, figs. 11. 
161. Whey Butter. Pp. 7. 
16 6. The Digestibility of Cheese. Pp. 22. 

170. The Extra Cost of Producing Clean Milk. Pp. 12, pis. 4, fig. 1. 
175. The Control of Bovine Tuberculosis. Pp. 27. 

Yearbook Reprints. 

94. Utilization of By-products of the Dairy. Pp. 20. (1897.) 
260. Dairying at Home and Abroad. Pp. 10, pis. 6. (1902.) 
532. The Eradication of Cattle Tuberculosis in the District of Columbia. 

Pp. 16. (1910.) 
536. The Grading of Cream. Pp. 8. (1910.) 

3. Miscellaneous. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 11 

36. Cotton Seed and Its Products. Pp. 16. 
252. Maple Sugar and Sirup. Pp. 36, figs. 9. (North.) 
268. Industrial Alcohol: Sources and Manufacture. Pp. 45, figs. 10. 
410. Potato Culls as a source of Industrial Alcohol. Pp. 40, figs. 10. 

Yearbook Reprints. 
534. Progress in Saving Forest Waste. Pp. 16, pis. 3. (1910.) 

V. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING. 
1. Farm Buildings. 

Farmers' Bulletins. Ill 

32 (Rev.) Silos and Silage. Pp. 30, figs. 6. 

12 6. Practical Suggestions for Farm Buildings. Pp. 48, figs2 8. 

270. Modern Conveniences for the Farm Home. Pp. 4 8, figs. 26. 

367. Lightning and Lightning Conductors. Pp. 20, figs 3. 

438. Hog Houses. Pp. 29, figs. 21. 

47 5. Ice Houses. 

4 80. Practical Methods of Disinfecting Stables. 

Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 

131. Designs for Dairy Buildings. Pp. 2 6, figs. 32. 
136. How to Build a Stave Silo. Pp. 18, figs. 18. 

Forest Service Circular. 

180. Lumber Saved by Using Odd Lengths. Pp. 5. 

I See footnote, p. 10. 

II See also Bulletins 119 and 124 in the list under Experiment Station 
Work, p. 22. 

III See also Bulletins 149, 190, 225, 244, and 317 in the list under Ex- 
periment Station Work, pp. 24, 25. 

2. Farm Mechanics. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 1 

150. Clearing New Land. Pp. 24, figs. 7. 

179. Horseshoeing. Pp. 30, figs. 18. 

23 5. Preparation of Cement Concrete. Pp. 32, figs. 4. 

2 6 9. Industrial Alcohol: Uses and Statistics. Pp. 2 9, figs. 10. 

277. The Use of Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines. Pp. 40, figs 12. 

303. Corn-harvesting Machinery. Pp. 32, figs. 20. 

347. The Repair of Farm Equipment. Pp. 32, figs. 23. 

387. Preservative Treatment of Farm Timbers. Pp. 19, figs. 5. 

403. The Construction of Concrete Fence Posts. Pp. 31, figs. 9. 



Agricultural Publications 71 



474. The Use of Paint on the Farm. Pp. 21, fig. 1. 
4 81. Concrete Construction on the Livestock Farm. 

Forest Service Circulars. 

69. Fence-post Trees. Pp. 4. 
142. Tests of Vehicle and Implement Woods. Pp. 29. 

Bureau of Plant Industry Circulars. 
44. Minor Articles of Farm Equipment. Pp. 15. 

Yearbook Reprints. 

457. Hygienic Water Supplies for Farms. Pp. 10, pi. 1, figs. 4. (1907.) 
518. Comforts and Conveniences in Farmers' Homes. Pp. 11, figs. 6. 

(1909.) 

3. Road Inipi'oveiiient. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 

311. Sand-clay and Burnt-clay Roads. Pp. 19, figs. 5. 

321. The Use of the Split-log Drag on Earth Roads. Pp. 14, figs. 5. 

338. Macadam Roads. Pp. 39, tigs. 10. 

505. Benefit of Improved Roads. 

Ofiice of Public Roads Circulars. 
37. The Railroads and the Wagon Roads. Pp. 4. 

89. Progress Reports of Experiments with Dust Preventives. Pp. 2 6. 

90. Progress Reports of Experiments in Dust Prevention, Road Preser- 

vation, and Road Construction. Pp. 23. 

91. Sand-clay and Earth Roads in the Middle West. Pp. 31, figs. 6. 

92. Progress Reports of Experiments in Dust Prevention and Road Pre- 

servation. Pp. 32. 
296. Use of Mineral Oil in Road Improvement. Pp. 16, pis. 3, figs. 4. 
412. Object-lesson Roads. Pp. 10, pis. 4. (1906.) 
448. Dust Preventives. Pp. 10, pis. 4. (1907.) 
535. Progress and Present Status of the Good Roads Movement. Pp. 12. 

(1910.) 
538. Bituminous Dust Preventives and Road Binders. Pp. 12. (1910.) 

1 See also Bulletins 149, 353 and 381 in the list under Experiment 
Station work, pp. 23, 24. 

4. Drainage. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 

187. Drainage of Farm Lands. Pp. 38, tigs. 19. 
524. Tile Drainage on the Farm. 

5. Irrigation. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 11 

138. Irrigation in Field and Garden. Pp. 40, figs. 18. 

15 8. How to Build Small Irrigating Ditches. Pp. 2 8, figs. 9. 

Yearbook Reprints. 

458. The Use of Small Water Supplies for Irrigation. Pp. 16, figs. 6. 
495. Soil Mulches for Checking Evaporation. Pp.8, figs. 7. 

514. Methods of Applying Water to Crops. Pp. 16, pi. 1, tigs. 10. 

VI. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 1 

62. Marketing Farm Produce. Pp. 31, figs. 17. 

228. Forest Planting and Farm Management. Pp. 22, figs. 3. 

229. The Production of Good Seed Corn. Pp. 23, figs. 10. 
242. An Example of Model Farming. Pp. 16, figs. 5. 

272. A Successful Hog and Seed Corn Farm. Pp. 16, figs. 5. 
280. A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm. Pp. 16, figs. 3. 



72 Vermont Farms 



319. Demonstration Work in Cooperation with Southern Farmers. Pp. 22. 

825. Small Farms in the Corn Belt. Pp. 29, figs. 3. 

337. Cropping Systems for New England Dairy Farms. Pp. 2 4, figs. ^. 

355. A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm. Pp. 40, figs. 7. 

362. Conditions affecting the Value of Market Hay. Pp. 29, figs. 7, 

365. Potato Growing in Northern Sections. Pp. 31, figs. 11. 

370. Replanning a Farm for Profit. Pp. 36. 

432. How a City Family Managed a Farm. Pp. 2 8, figs. 7^ 

437. A System of Tenant Farming and Its Results. Pp. 20. 

454. A Successful New York Farm. Pp. 32, figs. 9. 

460. Frames as a Factor in Truck Growing. Pp. 29, figs. 12. 

Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 

56. Facts Concerning the History, Commerce, and Manufacture of Butter. 
Pp. 2 4. 
103. Records of Dairy Cows: Their Value and Importance in Economic 

Milk Production. Pp. 3 8, figs. 10. 
140. The Egg Trade of the United States. Pp. 34, figs. 2. 
178. Breeding Horses for the United States Army. Pp. 13. 

Bureau of Plant Industry Circulars. 

7 5. Agricultural Survey of Four Townships in Southern New Hampshire. 
Pp. 19, figs. 3. 

Bureau of Statistics Circulars. 

3. The Farmers' Interest in Finance. Pp. 15, figs. 2. 
17. Government Crop Reports: Their Value, Scope, and Preparation. 
Pp. 16. 
1 See also Bulletins 114 and 190 in the list under Experiment Station 
V^ork, pp. 22, 23. 

Bureau of Entomology Circular. 

129. Insects in Their Relation to the Reduction of Future Supplies of Tim- 
ber, and General Principles of Control. Pp. 10. 

Office of the Secretary Circular. 
25. The Unproductive Farm. Pp. 8. 

Office of Public Roads Circular. 

37. The Railroads and the Wagon Roads. Pp. 4. 

Yearbook Reprints. 

122. Agricultural Production and Prices. Pp. 30. (1897.) 

304. The Nation's Farm Surplus. Pp.12. (1903.) 

340. Opportunities in Agriculture. Pp. 30, pis. 3. (1904.) 

430. Freight Costs and Market Values. Pp.16. (1906.) 

443. Does it Pay the Farmer to Protect Birds? Pp. 14, pis. 4. (1907.) 

447. The Value of Insect Parasitism to the American Farmer. Pp 20 

figs. 24. (1907.) 

456. Cropping System for Stock Farms. Pp. 14. (1907.) 

474. The Economic Value of Predaceous Birds and Mammals. Pp 8 

pis. 3. (1908.) ■ ' 

475. The Wastes of the Farm. Pp.20. (1908.) 

487. Types of Farming in the United States. Pp. 15. (1908.) 

502. Methods and Costs of Marketing. Pp.14. (1909.) 

509. Farming as an Occupation for City-bred Men. Pp. 9. (19 09.) 

525. The Management of Second Growth Sprout Forests. Pp. 11. (1910.) 

528. Supply and Wages of Farm Labor. Pp. 16. (1910.) 

533. The Game Market of To-day. Pp. 16, figs. 2. (1910.) 

546. Cooperation in the Marketing and Handling of Fruit. Pp.20. (1910.) 

552. The Effect of the Present Method of Handling Eggs on the Industry 
and the Product. Pp. 20, pi. 1. (1910.) 



I 



Agricultural Publications 73 

553. Agricultural Statistics. Pp. 212. (1910.) 

(Agricultural statistics of crop and animal products are pub- 
lished for each year and may be had on application to the Secre- 
tary of Agriculture.) 

VII. General and Special Topics. 

Farmers' Bulletins. 

54 (Rev.). Some Common Birds. Pp. 4 8, figs. 22. 

59. (Rev. Bee Keeping. Pp. 47, figs. 19. i 

86. Thirty Poisonous Plants. Pp. 32, figs. 24. 
127 (Rev.). Important Insecticides. Pp. 45, figs. 6. 

183. Meat on the Farm: Butchering, 'Curing, and Keeping. Pp. 37, figs. 35. 

188. Weeds Used in Medicine. Pp. 45, figs. 31. 

194. Alfalfa Seed. Pp. 14, figs. 55. 

19 6. Usefulness of the American Toad. Pp. 16. 

315. Progress in Legume Inoculation. Pp. 20. 

330. Deer Farming in the United States. Pp. 20, figs. 2. 

369. How to Destroy Rats. Pp. 20, figs. 5. 

^Experiment Station Work. 1 

78. Humus in soils — ^Winter protection of peach trees — Sunflowers — 
Grape juice and Sweet Cider, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 2. 

84. Home-mixed fertilizers — Field selection of seed — Potatoes as food — 
By-product of the dairy — Gape diseases of chickens, etc. Pp. 
32. figs. 8. 

87. Soil moiscure and fertility — Cultivating v. cropping orchards — Trans- 

planting trees — Food value of eggs — The toad as the farmers' 

friend, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 
92. Sugar beets on alkali soils — Replanting corn — Improved culture of 

potatoes — Second-crop seed potatoes — Pasteurization of milk 

for butter making, etc. Pp. 30. 
105. The tillering of grains — Fertilizers for gardens — Cereal breakfast 

foods — When to cut alfalfa — Spontaneous combustion of hay, 

etc. Pp. 32, figs. 4. 
107. Fertilizer requirements for crops- — ^Cost of raising calves — Feeding 

tuberculous milk to calves — Killing the germs of tuberculosis 

in milk — ^Dairy salt, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 3. 
114. Influence of salt on soil moisture — Extra early potatoes — Low-grade 

Paris green — Skim milk in bread making — Profitable and 

unprofitable cows, etc. Pp. 2 8, figs. 5. 
119. Storing apples without ice — Cold storage on the farm — Transplant- 
ing muskmelons — Effect of cotton-seed meal on the quality of 

butter — Protection against Texas fever, etc. Pp. 31, figs. 5. 
122. Liming grass lands-^Nuts as food — A pure-food law — Sellingeggs by 

weight — Unfermented grape juice, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 5. 
124. Distilled drinking water — Lime as a fertilizer — Weed destruction — 

Maple sirup and sugar — Type of the dairy cow, etc. Pp. 32, 

figs. 6. 
478. How to Prevent Typhoid Fever. 
493. The English Sparrow as a Pest. 
503. Comb Honey. 
511. Farm Bookkeeping. 

513. 5 Common Birds of Farm and Orchard. 
516. The Production of Maple Sirup and Sugar. 
52 5. Raising Guinea Pigs. 
133. Value of stable manure — Alfalfa as a fertilizer — Liming acid soils — 

Frost-resisting strawberries — Ridding houses of flies, etc. Pp. 

32, figs. 14. 
144. Maintenance of soil fertility — Rotation of crops — Cattle and poultry 

foods — An improved cow stall, etc. Pp. 32, flgs. 9. 



74 Vermont Farms 



149. Culture of potatoes — Shrinkage of farm products — Soils and fertili- 
zers for strawberries — Shelter for dairy cows — Feed mills and 
windmills, etc. Pp. 32, tigs. 6. 

186. Losses in manure — Protection of peach buds — Dandelions in lawns — 
Rations for laying hens — Keeping quality of butter, etc. Pp. 
32, figs. 9. 

190. Cost of eggs in winter — Profitable and unprofitable cows — ^.Methods of 
milking — Coating cheese with paraffin — Ventilation of stables, 
etc. Pp. 32, figs. 14. 

210. Hen manure — (Varieties and qualities of wheat — Corn breeding — • 
Injuries to shade trees — Oak leaves as forage — The covered 
milk pail — Fertilizers for potatoes, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 7. 

222. Home mixing of fertilizers — Weight per quart of feeding stuffs — Re- 
cent horse-feeding tests — Market classes and grades of swine — 
Silage in place of grain for dairy cows, etc. Pp. 32, fig. 1. 

22 5. Incompatibles in fertilizer mixtures — Value of fiint varieties of corn 
— Buying and judging seed corn — Potato culture — Infiuence of 
feed on milk — Protecting cows from flies — A successful brood- 
er house — Prevention of swelling in canned peas, etc. Pp. 32, 
figs. 6, 

233. Root systems of plants — Mushroom culture — Noodles — ^Condimental 
feeds — Beef v. dairy type for beef production — Feeding calves 
skim milk — -Milk from diseased cows — Cider vinegar, etc. 
Pp. 32, figs. 5. 

237. Lime and clover — Plant-food requirements of fruit trees — Running 
out of seed wheat — Cereal breakfast foods — Damaged wheat as 
feed — Bedding for cows — Amateur poultry raising — Care of 
cream on the farm — Yeast as a disinfectant, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 

244. Handling seed corn — Adaptation of seed corn — Effect of root nodules 
on composition of crops — Cooking quality of potatoes — Methods 
of feeding poultry — Covered yards for cows, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 

251. American sugar-beet seed — Profits from spraying potatoes^ — Durum 
wheat — Indoor v. outdoor feeding of steers — Cheap dairy ra- 
tions — Cotton-seed meal for hogs, etc. Pp. 32, fig.l. 

259. Use of commercial fertilizers — Spreading lime — ^Soil sterilization — 
Weights per bushel of seeds — Disease-resistant crops — Alfalfa 
meal as a feeding stuff — Milk fever — Nail wounds in horses' 
feet — Use of a cheap canning outfit, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 3. 

267. Breeding corn — Buckwheat — Grass mulch for orchards — Hardiness 
of young fruit trees — Protecting cows from flies, etc. Pp. 32, 
fig. 1. 

273. Loss of nitrogen from soils — Manure as affected by feed — Continu- 
ous corn culture — Pasturing wheat — Rotting of potatoes in 
storage — Preserving eggs— Testing individual cows — Cleanli- 
ness in the dairy, etc. Pp. 32, tigs. 4. 

27 6. Improvement in peach growing — Alfalfa in the Eastern States — Im- 
provement of grass land — ^Succotash as a soiling crop — Digesti- 
bility of tish and poultry — Honey vinegar — The farm woodlot, 
etc. Pp. 32, tigs. 2. 

29 6. Wells and pure water — Pure seed v. poor seed — Disease-resistant 
clover — Eradication of wild mustard — Seedless tomatoes — 
Hay box or tireless cooker — Insect enemies of shade trees, etc. 
Pp. 32, tigs. 4. 

305. Renewal of old orchards — Injury by Bordeaux mixture — Roots for 
farm animals — ^Cabbage as a stock feed — Cull beans as a feed 
for hogs — Healthy poultry, etc. Pp. 32. 

309. Ice for household uses — Silage from frosted corn — Cooperation in 
marketing crops — Causes of death of young chicks — Snow for 
poultry, etc. Pp. 32. 



Agricultural Publications 75 



316. Winterkilling of peach buds — Effect of fertilizers on the color of ap- 

ples — Potato scab — 'Cooking cereal foods — Supplements to ccrn 
in hog feeding — Hoppers for poultry, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 4. 

317. Improving the convenience and comfort of the farm home — Cement 

pipe for irrigation — Increasing the productiveness of corn — 
Catching hook for poultry, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 

329. Low-grade v. high-grade fertilizers — Improvement of sandy soils — 
Dry farming — Seed selection — Evergreens: Uses and culture — 
Preparation of miscible oils — Cane sugar and beet sugar, etc. 
Pp. 32, figs. 4 

334. Plant breeding on the farm — -Profits from tomato growing — The 
keeping of apples — Weed seeds in manure and feeding stuffs — 
Market classes and grades of horses and mules — Extraction of 
beeswax, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 2. 

342. Conservation of soil resources — Potato breeding — Disk-harrowing 
alfalfa — The Montreal muskmelon — Storage of Hubbard squash 
— Preserving wild mushrooms— Cooking beans and other veg- 
etables — A model kitchen, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 3. 

353. Commercial clover seed — Growing potatoes under straw — Hens v. 
incubators — Preparing fowls for market — A cheap and effi- 
cient sterilizer — A cheap and efficient ice box — The power 
laundry on the farm, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 14. 

360. Distance between corn hills — Street trees — Spraying for weeds — 
Market classes and grades of sheep — Hulled corn — Mixing fat 
into dough, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 

366. Treatment of muck soils — Corn breeding — Hook-worm disease in 
cattle — Effect of machine milking on cows — Milk supply of 
cities — The crow, etc. Pp. 32. 

374. Inoculation and lime for alfalfa — Pruning ratundifolia grapes — 
Native hays of the arid region — Bermuda grass — Short v. long 
feeding of beef cattle — Feeding work horses — Colony houses 
for poultry — Flour for baking powder biscuits, etc. Pp. 32, 
figs. 5. 

381. Methods and cost of clearing land — ^Calf feeding — Gasoline heated 
colony brooders — Measuring acidity in cheese making and but- 
ter making. Pp. 32, figs. 9. 

3 84. Early onions in the Southwest — Oleander poisoning of live stock — 
Wintering farm work horses — Alfalfa meal as a feeding stuff — 
Whipped Cream — Farm butter making — Cement and concrete 
fence posts, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 3. 

3 8 8. Incompatibles in fertilizer mixtures — Principles of dry farming — 

Methods of seeding oats — Rolling v. harrowing winter wheat — 
Pruning — Bean anthracnose or pod spot — Jelly and jelly mak- 
ing, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 7. 

412. Wart disease of the potato — The typhoid or house fly — The forced 
molting of fowls — Pasteurization in butter making — Milling 
and baking tests with durum wheat, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 

419. Tillage v. sod mulch in orchards — Ear characters of seed corn — Seed 
disinfection — Blackleg of the Irish potato — Progress in horse 
breeding — Sweet potatoes. Pp. 24, figs. 4. 

425. Commercial bean growing — Digestion experiments with range for- 
age crops — Substitutes for oats for horses, etc. Pp. 24, figs 3. 

4 30. Unusual v. standard fertilizers — Symptoms of disease in plants — 

Condimental feeds — Feeding the dairy calf — Defects in cottage 
cheese — The Iowa silo. Pp. 24. figs. 14. 
435. Water required for crops — Burning lime on the farm — Tomatoes for 
canning — Lime sulphur as a fungicide — Market classes and 
grades of meat — Lice on poultry — Neufchatel cheese. Pp. 24, 
figs. 6. 



76 Vermont Farms 



451. sterilizing tobacco-plant beds — Clover growing — Curing clover hay 

The velvet bean — Draft horses — Care of mares and foals. 

Pp. 24, figs. 6. 

457. Low-grade fertilizers — Fighting the boll weevil — Hastening maturity 
of cotton with fertilizers — Early spring lambs — Production of 
sanitary milk — Lacto: A frozen dairy product. Pp. 24, fig. 1. 

465. Cost of available nitrogen; management of marsh soils; weeder 
harrow for dry farms; V-shaped corn-stalk cutter; storage 
for root crops; danger in feeding root crops; sanitary care 
of swine; individuality of the cow; hatching and raising 
turkeys. 

469. Lawns; fertilizing asparagus; turnips for sheep; loss of lambs; 
cost of market milk; propagation of starters; the plastered silo. 

479. Screening cabbage seed beds; Spraying apple orchards; New type 
of spray nozzle; Preparation of corn for hogs; Experiments 
in beef production; Preparation of choice hams; Factors af- 
fecting fat in cream. 

486. The feeding of a grand champion steer; The utilization of dairy 
by-products as food. 

499. Top-dressing pastures; Making hay; A fresh-air brooder; Roost- 
ing closet for poultry; Exhibition contests of dairy products; 
Blind staggers of horses; Adobe as a building material; 
White and color washes. 

504. Improvement of sandy soils; Utilization of roughage; Alfalfa and 
corn for lambs; Feeding alfalfa hay to swine; Cooperative 
herd testing; Cooperative cattle breeding; Losses due to 
low-grade cream; Disposing of waste dips; Care of farm ma- 
chinery. 

517. Promoting germination of seed; Cotton anthracnose; Asphaltum 
treatment for peach-tree borer; Raising and finishing beef 
calves; Open-shed feeding of steers; Four systems of dairy 
farming; Market eggs; Uses of the sweet potato; Vinegar 
making from waste grapes; Lighting farm houses. 

Yearbook Reprints. 

329. The Relation of Forests to Stream Flow. Pp. 10. (1903.) 

364. Some Benefits the Farmer May Derive from Game Protection. Pp. 

12. (1904.) 
38 8. Meadow Mice in Relation to Agriculture and Horticulture. Pp. 14, 

pis. 4, fig. 1. (1905.) 
392. Illustration of the Influence of Experiment Station Work on Cul- 
ture of Field Crops. Pp. 16, fig. 1. (1905.) 
443. Does it Pay the Farmer to Protect Birds? Pp. 14, pis. 4. (1907.) 
447. The Value of Insect Parasitism to the American Farmer. Pp. 20, 

figs. 24. (1907.) 
457. Hygienic Water Supplies for Farms. Pp. 10, pi. 1, figs. 4. (1907.) 
497. A Directory for Farmers. Pp. 25. (Corrected to 1909.) 
(Agricultural statistics of crop and animal products are also published for 
each year and may be had on application to the Secretary of Agriculture. ) 
1 Experiment Station Work is a subseries of Farmers' Bulletins com- 
piled from the published reports of the agricultural experiment stations and 
kindred institutions in this and other countries. In sending for bulletins of 
this series simply ask for Farmers' Bulletins, giving the serial number of 
the bulletin without specifying the topics treated in it. 

II. VERMONT EXPERIMENT STATION, BURLINGTON, VT. 

Soils and Soil Management. 

Experiment Station 
Farm Manures, No. 108; Soil Deterioration and Soil Humus, No. 13 5; 



Agricultural Publications 77 



Soil Physiography, No. 14 3; Soil Classifications and Adaptations, No. 154; 
Limes and Liming, No. 160; The Peat and Muck Deposits of Vermont, 
No. 165; Plant Food Combinations for Sundry Crops, Circular 7. 

Conmiercial Fertilizers. 

The Experiment Station Bulletin for the Current Year. 

Alfalfa Growing. 

Experiment Station. 
No. 137; 19th Report; 20th Report. 

Maple Products. 

Experiment Station. 
Maple Sugar, No. 26; The Maple Sap Flow, No. 103; The Maple Sap 
Flow, No. 105 (scientific edition No. 103); Buddy Sap, No. 151; The 
Microoiganisms of Maple Sap and Their Influence upon Maple Sirup, No. 
167 (scientific); Maple Products, 20th Report. 

Spraying. 

Experiment Station. 
Preparation and Use of Sprays, No. 113; Sundry Matters, No. 136; Plant 
Diseases, Potato Spraying, Nos. 142, 153, 159, 162; 9th Report; Bordeaux 
Mixture Preparation, 17th Report; Spraying, 2 0th Report. 

Weeds. 

The Orange Hawkweed or Paintbrush, No. 56; The Viability of Weed 
Seeds in Fielding Stuffs, No. 13 8; The Grass and Clover Seed Trade 
in Vermont, No. 14 6; A Practicable Method of Killing Witchgrass, No. 
149; Paintbrush, Shrubby Cinquefoil and Sundry Matters, No. 136; 
Orange Hawkweed, 9th Report; Killing Weeds with Chemicals, 13th 
Report, 14th Report; Bird Vetch, 14th Report; Two New Weeds, 14th 
Report; Killing Weeds in Lawns, 15th Report; Weeds, 16th Report; 
Shrubby Cinquefoil, 16th Report; Weeds, 20th Report. 

Insects. 

Household Pests, No. 43; The Forest Caterpillar, No. 76; Sundry In- 
sects, No. 136, 9th Report; Apple Tree Borers, 16th Report; Oyster Shell 
and San Jose Scales, 19th Report; Insects, 2 0th Report. 

Plant Diseases. 

Experiment Station. 
Nos. 142, 148, 153, 157, 159, 162, 168; 9th Report, 13th to 20th Re- 
ports inclusive. A Besume of 2 Years Work, 20th Report. 

Seeds. 

Experiment Station. 
The Grass and Clover Seed Trade in Vermont in 1907-08; Impurities in 
Grass and Clover Seeds, 13th Report, 17th Report. 

Plant Growth. 

The Role of Anesthetics and Other Agents in Plant Forcing, No. 150, 
19th Report; Carnation Growing, No. 163, 2 0th Report; Tomato Grow- 
ing, 17th Report; Lettuce Growing, 17th Report, 18th Report; Rhubarb 
Forcing, 17th Report. 

Fruit Growing. 
Hybrid Plums, No. 67; Plum Culture, No. 89; Apple Growing in Addison 
County, No. 90; Winter Injury to Apple Trees, No. 119; Muskmelon 
Industry, 20th Report, No. 136, No. 169. Sundry Matters, No. 136. 



78 Vermont Farms 



Montreal Market Muskmelon Industry, No. lb 9; Plum Propagation and 
Pollination, ISth Report; Apple Pollination, 13th Report; Plums, 13th 
Report; Disease of Greening Apples, 14th Report; Plum Propagation, 
14th Report, 15th Report; Hybrid Plums, 14th Report; 15th Report 
Grand Isle Apple Inventory, 14th Report; Orchard Diseases, 15th Re- 
port; Bridge Grafting, 17th Report; Winter Injury to Apple Trees, 18th 
Report; Influence of Stock on Scion, ISth Report; Miscellaneous Fruit 
Notes, 18th Report; Squash Storage, 20th Report; Fruit Growing 2 0th 

Report, 

Forestry. 

Experiment Station, 
The Measurement of Saw Logs, No. 102; Planting White Pine in Ver- 
mont, No. 120; Forest Planting in Vermont, No. 132; Sundry Matters, 
No. 137; Preliminary Statement Concerning Forestry Problems in Ver- 
mont, No. 139; The Management of Vermont Forests with Especial 
Reference to White Pine, No. 156; The Damping Off of Coniferous Seed- 
lings, No. 157; Hemlock in Vermont, No. 161; Locust Tree Cultivation, 
15th Report; Tree Seedling Diseases, 20th Report; Forestry, 20th Report. 

Animal Husbandry. 

Experiment Station. 
Pig Feeding, 19th Report, 20th Report. 

Stock Feeding. 

Experiment Station. 

Sundry Matters, No. 137; The Viability of Weed Seeds in Feeds, No. 138; 
The Composition and Nature of Commercial Feeding Stuffs, No. 144; 
Principles and Practice of Stock Feeding, No. 152; Concerning Feed- 
ing Standards, No. 158; Condimental Feeds, No. 164; Analyses of Feed- 
ing Stuffs, Nos. 144, 152, 158, 164; A Poisonous Plant — the Common Horse- 
tail, No. 95; Apple Pomace a Good Feed for Cows, No. 96; Vermont 
Grasses and Clovers, No. 94; The Effect of Frost on Silage Corn, 19th 
Report; Stock Feeding in General, 20th Report. 

Dairy Husbandry. 

Experiment Station. 

Tests of Cows at Vermont State Fair, No. 17; Sundry Matters, No. 13 7; 
Apple Pomace a Good Food for Cows, No. 95; A Poisonous Plant — the 
Common Horsetail, No. 96; Paying for Separator Cream at Creameries, 
No. 100; The Testing of Cows, No. 12 8; Principles and Practice of Cream 
Making, No. 155; Variations in Milk, 9th Report; Herd Records, 9th, 
13th, 16th, 17th, 18th Reports; Dairy Feeding (experiments) 9th, 13th 
to 2 0th Reports inclusive; Food Effects on Butter Quality, 13th Re- 
port, 14th Report, 15th Report; Testing Babcock Apparatus, 14th Report; 
Comparison of Feeding Trial Methods, 14th Report, 15th Report; The 
Change from Barn to Pasture, 15th Report; The Influence of Change 
of Feed on the Composition of milk, 18th Report; Methods of Milking, 
18th Report; Udder Conformation and Milk Production, 18th Report; 
The Effect of Age on the Yield and Quality of Milk, 19th Report; 
Dairy Husbandry, 20th Report. 

Nature Study. 

Experiment Station. 

Vermont Grasses and Clover, No. 94; Vermont Shrubs and Woody Vines, 
No. 145. (It is hoped that a new edition of No. 73, Trees of Vermont, 
may be issued within a year.) 

Miscellaneous. 
Drug Plant Cultivation, 2 0th Report. 



Addison County Farms 79 



VERMONT FARMS AND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES 

FOR SALE 

The following list of Vermont farms and residential properties 
are in accordance with descriptions of the owners sent to this depart- 
ment. 

While the department has personal knowledge respecting some of 
these properties, yet there has been no opportunity to verify the state- 
ments of the owners of all of the properties, and to prospective pur- 
chasers who are unfamiliar with farm values, it is respectfully sug- 
gested that the advice of the state department of agriculture be 
obtained before purchasing such farms. 

The address of the Commissioner of Agriculture is Elbert S. 
Brigham, St. Albans, Yt. 

ADDISON COUNTY. 

Bi'idport 

Farm of 12 8 acres; Pasture, 50; suitable for cultivation, 78. House, 
35x45; L,35x25; 12 rooms. Woodshed, wagon barn and horse barn, 
adjoining L, 60x40; cow barn, 32x85, with tool shed attached, 30x32; 
barn, 15 x 85, with hennery, 1 open shed, closed sheds for sheep and 
calves, 1 box stall; hog house, 16 x 16. Buildings in good repair. Good 
fences. Pasture watered by brook; spring, well and cistern water at house 
and barns. Will keep 15 cows and 5 horses. A few apple, cherry, plum 
and pear trees. R. P. D. and telephone. P. C, 2 miles; nearest rail- 
road station, Crown Point, N. Y., 4 1/^ miles. Price, $4,200. Address 
Mrs. Alice Myrick or Myrick Brothers, Bridport. 

Bristol 

Farm, located in town of Bristol, near main road to Starksboro. 
80 acres; pasture, 25; woodland, 30; other acreage, 25; suitable for 
cultivation, 40. Estimated value of wood and timber, $400. 10 room 
house, 26x30 feet; with L, 2 0x12 feet; in good repair. Two barns, 
26x36, and 18x26 feet, in good repair. Fences in good condition. 135 
ton silo. Will keep 6 cows and 2 horses. Well water at the house 
and brook running through the farm. Orchard of 9 large fruit trees. 
Greenings and early fruit, also about 20 young trees beginning to bear. 
Soil sandy loam — some gravel. Fine grain and fruit land. Meadows are 
nearly all level and smooth. Fine place for poultry and small fruit. 
Rairoad Station, Bristol, 6 miles distant. Post Office, Starksboro, 2 1/^ 
miles distant. R. F. D. Price, $1300; cash, $650; balance on interest at 
5 per cent. A. H. Palmer, R. F. D. No. 1, Starksboro, Vt. 

Bristol 

Attractive home for sale on main street of Bristol between rail- 
way station and business section; lot 514 rods frontage, 10 rods deep; 
large two-story house, large veranda on two sides, porte cochere con- 
structed in part of rock-faced marble, house ten feet between joints, 
slate roof, large front reception hall with fire-place; hall separated by 
portieres from front parlor, back parlor, good sized library, dining room, 
kitchen, pantry and back shed. Oak staircase leads to second floor 
which contains five sleeping rooms, one of which opens on an upper 
veranda. Two rooms may be used as a suite with sitting room and 



80 Vermont Farms 



bedroom. The house is heated by a hot air furnace and is lighted by 
electricity. A good barn, 24 x 30 ft. in size with basement, water and 
electric lights. Some fruit on lot. Bristol is one of the prettiest of Ver- 
mont villages, with fine mountain views, in a splendid farming region. 
Property will be sold for $5000. Address J. W. Page, Burlington, Vt. 

Cornwall 

Farm, 300 acres: Pasture, 75; woodland, 40; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 300. Estimated value of wood and timber, $500. 10 room house, 
28x32 feet; with L, 50x28 feet; in good repair. Barn, with cellar, 
40 X 32 feet, in good repair. Fences in good condition. 17 5 ton silo. 
Will keep 5 cows and 12 horses. Running water. The orchard con- 
tains 12 5 varieties of fruit trees. The above mentioned barn is a cow 
barn; the horse barn is 40x28 feet, with cement floor; 10 stalls and 
two box stalls. Sheep barn, 60x28 feet. 1 tenement house with 8 
rooms. All the buildings are slate roofed. This place will keep 50 cows, 
12 horses, 6 sheep and will cut 60 tons of hay. Railroad Station, Mid- 
dlebury, Vt., 5 miles distant. Post Office, Middlebury, Vt. R. F. D. 
Telephone. Price, 12,500; cash, $4000; balance on interest at 5 per 
cent. Address Box 116, Middlebury, R. F. D. No. 2. 

West Ferrisburg 

"Elmhurst," W. Ferrisburg, on Lake Champlain. 150 acres; pasture 
30; woodland, 20; other acreage, 10; suitable for cultivation, 90. Esti- 
mated market value of wood and timber, $1500. 12 room house, 30 x 30 
feet; with L, 40x22 feet; in good repair. Barn, 70x40 feet in good 
repair. Fences in fair condition. 2 5 ton silo. Will keep 15 cows and 7 horses 
Good well water. Good orchard of 2 00 young hardy apple trees, mostly 
Mcintosh Reds. "Elmhurst" has a large frontage on Lake Champlain 
and Otter Creek River. Artesian well of 50 gallon capacity, recently 
drilled. Many cottages nearby, which provide good market for milk, 
butter, eggs, etc. Excellent boating, fishing and hunting. Fine place 
for boys' camp, club or hotel. There are other barns, tool house, hen, 
wood and ice-houses and many tools that go with the farm. Photographs 
will be sent to parties desiring same. Railroad Station, Vergennes, 7 
miles distant. Post Office, Vergennes, R. F. D. No. 3, 7 miles distant; 
carrier comes to farm. Telephone. Price, $7,000; $3,000 cash; balance 
on interest at 5 per cent. Will make special price to right party. Address 
R. W. McCuen, Vergennes, Vt. 

West ferrisburg. 

Farm of 100 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 15; other acreage, 13; 
suitable for cultivation, 46; loam and heavier soils; estimated market val- 
ue of wood and timber, $600. House, 26 x 32 ; L, 14 x 16 ; 9 rooms; in 
good repair. Barn, 30 x 40; in good repair; will keep 15 cows, 3 horses. 
Water, Otter Creek and two wells. Fences in fair condition. Or- 
chard, 100 trees, Spy, Mcintosh Red, Wealthy, Scott's Winter, 
Baldwin. Horse barn, granary, hen house, long tool shed; farm- 
ing tools. 6 cows, one yearling heifer, 4 hens. Team of black mares. 
Harness, etc. Lumber for silo, other lumber included. Situated on Basin 
Harbor road, 3 miles from the city of Vergennes. Maple shade and nice 
surroundings. Borders Otter Creek. Steamboats pass. Level land. Farm 
is called one of best in town. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $4,000. Ad- 
dress J. A. Kingsland, R. F. D. No. 3, Vergennes, Vt. 

Granville 

35 acre farm in Granville, pleasantly situated on the main road from 
Granville Corners to Hancock. Woodland, 25; other acreage, 10; suitable 
for cultivation, 10. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2 00. 



Addison County Farms 81 



A large two-story, 1 room house in good repair, with rooms suitable for 
keeping roomers. Barn, 30 x40 feet; in good repair. Fences are in good 
condition. 10 ton silo. Railroad station, Rochester or Braintree, 7 miles 
distant. Post office, Granville, Vt., 1 mile distant. R. F. D., telephone, 
star line. Price, $1,500. One-half cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. 
H. C. Hubbard, Granville, Vt. 

Granville 

Good farm, one mile from school, church and store. 117 acres; pas- 
ture, 45; woodland, 25; other acreage, 47; suitable for cultivation, 35. Es- 
timated market value of wood and timber, $200. 7 room house, 20 x 30 
feet; with L, 20 x 40 feet. Barn, 30 x 56 feet in fair repair. Fences in fair 
condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Water in house and barn. 
Orchard consists of 150 grafted apple trees, 2 pear and 4 plum trees. 
Railroad station, Rochester, 8 miles. R. F. D. Telephone. Price $700; 
cash, $500; balance on interest at 5 per cent. A. F. Kennedy, Granville, Vt. 

Leicester 

Good farm in Leicester, Vt. 60 acres; pasture, 9; woodland, 5; suita- 
able for cultivation, all but woodland. 9 room house, 28x30 feet; with L, 
20x20 feet, in good repair. Fences, in fair condition. Will keep 5 cows. 
Plenty of water. Apple orchard. Barn, 5 x 3 feet, with shed attached 
20x50 feet. Horse barn, 40x22; wagon shed, wood shed and ice-house. 
Lime quarry on farm. This is a hay farm and will cut about 7 5 to 80 tons 
of hay. Railroad station, Leicester Junction, less than Vi mile distant. 
R. F. D, Price on application. Fred Mclntyre, Leicester, Vt. 

East Middlebury 

18 room house for sale or to rent, furnished. 1 acre of land, nice 
lawn; cement walks; piazzas; mountain running water. All modern im- 
provements. Barn; garden; ice house filled. Mail twice daily. Good 
roads for automobile or team. 4 miles to Lake Dunmore or Bread Loaf 
Inn. Apple orchard. Railroad Station, Middlebury, Vt. R. F. D. Matil- 
da Baker, East Middlebury, Vt. 

Moukton 

Farm of 2 00 acres; pasture, 75; woodland, 75; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 50. Estimated value of wood and timber, $2000. 8 room house, 
30x40, in fair repair. Barn, 48x74, in good repair. Fences in fair 
condition. Horse barn, 28x44; besides a granary, hen house, milk house 
and hog pen. The farm will keep 2 cows and two or three horses. 
Spring, well and cistern water on the premises. Orchard of 100 apple 
and other fruit trees. Railroad Station, Bristol, Vt., 5 miles distant. 
R. F. D. Telephone. This farm is located at the four corners of the 
roads and has one of the best apple orchards in Addison County. The 
farm is being placed on the market because of the inability of the owner 
to carry on the same. If the purchaser will pay all cash, some personal 
property may be secured at the price mentioned. Price, $4000; $1000 
cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address: W^illis V. Farr, Agent, 
Burlington, Vermont. 

OrAvell 

"Hope Cottage," Orwell, Vt. 10 acres land; pasture, 6; other acreage, 
4; suitable for cultivation, 4, 7 room house, 18 x28 feet, with L, 14 x 24 
feet in excellent condition. Barn, 18x20 feet with stable and carriage 
room attached, all in good repair. Will keep one cow and one horse. 
Plenty of water. A young sugar orchard. Fruit orchard of 7 5 trees. 
Near village, good school, church, market and stores. Well equipped 
for raising poultry. Fine location, good drainage, fine view. An ideal 
summer home. Railroad Station, Orwell, Vt., 2 miles distant. R. F. D. 
Telephone. Price, $25 00. Clyde L. Munger, Orwell, Vermont. 



82 Vermont Farms 



Starksboro 

200 acres; pasture for 25 head; woodland, 75; other acreage, 25; 
suitable for cultivation, 100. 9 room house, 60x30 feet, with L, 25x20 
feet, in fair condition. Horse barn, 75x30 feet in good repair. Fences 
in good condition. 4 ton silo. Will keep 2 5 cows and 3 horses. Spring 
water. Small orchard. Cow stable and hay barn, 66 feet long, stable for 
young cattle and sheep 3 6 feet long. Ice house, 12 x 14. Hen house 
and pig pens 20x30. Sugar house, 16x30, good arch. 1000 sugar 
trees. Very well watered. Full view of Lake Champlain and Four 
Brother islands. One of the most beautiful summer resorts in the Green 
Mountains. Level farm. Running water at house and barn. Railroad 
Station, Bristol, 10 miles distant. R. F. D. Telephone. Price $4000. 
cash, $2 000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. F. M. Walston, Starks- 
boro, Vermont. 

Vei'geiines 

Farm of 20 acres; pasture, 5; suitable for cultivation, 15. 9 room 
house, 36x40 feet, slate roof, in good repair. Barn, 26x36 feet with 
two cellars, in good repair. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 3 cows 
and 1 horse. Spring water. Fruit orchard of 8 varieties of apples, 3 
of pears, cherry and currants. Railroad station, Vergennes, Vt., 1 1/4 miles 
distant. R. F. D. Telephone. Price, $5000 cash. N. J. Renaud, Agent, 
Vergennes, Vermont. 

Vergennes 

Farm of 100 acres, one-half in Vergennes and one-half in Ferrisburg. 
Pasture, 45; suitable for cultivation, 10 0. 3 barns, 50x40 each, in good 
repair. Fences in good condition. 100 ton silo. Will keep 22 cows and 

4 horses. City water and natural springs. This is in a word a city farm, 
highly cultivated, close to market and station. Railroad station, Vergennes, 
\t., % mile distant. R. F. D. Telephone. Price, $10,000 or $9000 cash 
down. Louis Renaud, Vergennes, Vt. 

Vergennes 

One-half acre lot with two houses, horse barn and metal garage. Cot- 
tage, 24x31; L, 13x1 6, 8 rooms; in good repair. Barn 35 x 37; in good 
repair. City supply of water. Railroad station, and post-office, Vergennes, 
Vt., % mile distant. This is a fine location for a summer home, with all 
the conveniences of the city. In the most attractive part of Vermont, with 
beautiful drives and good boating, being at the head of navigation on Otter 
Creek connecting with Lake Champlain. Price, $7,000; cash $2,500; bal- 
ance on easy terms. Address A. D. Willard, Vergennes, Vt. 

Walthani 

55 acre farm, pasture, 15; woodland, 4; other acreage, 35; suitable 
for cultivation, 35. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2 00. 
14 room house, 27x32 feet, with L, 16x30 feet, in good repair. Barn, 

5 X 100 feet. Ftmces in fair repair. Will keep 10 cows and 3 horses. 
Wells and ponds furnish water. Fruit orchard of 15 pear, 500 plum, 
50 cherry and 150 apples trees. Beautiful summer home nicely situated 
yiewing Lake Champlain, the Adirondack and Green Mountains. 14 
mile from the city limits. Railroad station, Vergennes, Vt., 1^4 miles 
distant. R. F. D. Telephone. Price, $5 000 cash. S. H. Burroughs, 
Admr., Vergennes, Vermont. 

BENNINGTON COUNTY. 

Bennington. 

Farm of 243 acres; pasture, 50; woodland, 75; other acreage, 118; 
suitable for cultivation, 100. Estimated market value of wood 



Bennington County Farms 83 



and timber, $2,000. House, 26x36; L, 16x24; 10 rooms in good 
repair. Fences in good condition. Farm will keep 10 cows, 3 horses. 
Good running water to house and barns. Orchard of 300 apple, 2 5 plum, 
10 cherry trees and 7 5 currant bushes. Railroad station, North Pownal, 
3 miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. This farm is located on the 
southern slope of Mt. Anthony. A pleasant location for a summer home, 
and on account of its sheltered position is well adapted to poultry raising 
and fruit growing. 3 miles from the B. & M. R. R., and within 4 hours of 
Boston or New York. Price $3,000. Address Martin Peckham, 110 Scott 
St., Bennington, Vt. 

Dorset. 

Farm of 130 acres; pasture, 60; woodland, 40; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 30. "Ethan Allen House" — built about 1775 — used at present for 
storing hay. A magnificent spring about two rods from house. Railroad 
Station, M. D. & G. R. R., 1/2 mile distant. R. F. D. and telephone. This 
property joins the "Norcross West Marble Quarries". It has large deposits 
of white and gray marble which crop out in several places, and add much 
to its value. Price, $5, 000; cash, $2,500; balance on interest at 5 per cent. 
Address W. J. Holley, Dorset Vt. 

Dorset. 

Farm of 4 acres. House, 22i/4x32%; L, 20x17%; 8 large rooms, 
besides pantry, hall and woodshed, all in good lepair. Barn, 40x2 6, newly 
built. Fences in good condition. 4 ton silo. Supplied with village water. 
Orchard of 2 pear, 16 apple trees and berry bushes. Railroad station, 
Rutland R. R., at Manchester, 7 miles distant. Post office, Dorset. R. F. 
D. and telephone. This is a nice village home on the edge of Dorset vil- 
lage. School, post office and churches nearby. Club house and golf links, 
5 miles distant. About 2 rods front, with row of large maples on fence 
line. Price, $3,500; cash, $1,500, Balance on interest at 5 per cent. 

East Dorset. 

Farm of 800 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 700; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 60. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $5,000. House, 
24x 30; L, 16 x 20; 7 rooms in fair repair. Barn, 24 x 50, in good re- 
pair. Fences in good condition. 40 ton silo. Supplied with water from 
Otter Creek. Orchard of 50 apple, 5 pear and crab apple trees. Railroad 
Station, E. Dorset, Vt., 1% miles distant. Situated on head waters of Ot- 
ter Creek. Timber, white and yellow birch, ash, oak and maple. Also a 
good sugar orchard. Price, $6,000; cash $2,000, Balance on interest at 
5 per cent. Address G. F, Griffith, East Dorset, Vt. 

North Dorset. 

Farm of 72 acres; pasture, 28; woodland, 20; suitable for cultivation, 
24, House, 21 x 27; L, 14 x 22; with milk room and shed chamber. 
Barn, 33 x 42; in fine repair. Fences in good condition. Wagon shed at- 
tached to barn, 14 x 2 8, slated. Farm will k»3ep 10 cows and 1 horse. Or- 
chard of 150 apples, 12 plum, 2 pear and 4 cherry trees. 
Railroad station. North Dorset, Vt., 4 rods distant. R. F. D. and tele- 
phone. This farm is on the main line of travel from Bennington to Man- 
chester to Rutland and Burlington. Is practically a village property, only 
two minutes' walk from station. Change of business of owner makes it 
necessary to move from East Dorset. Price, $2,500; cash, $1,500, Bal- 
ance on interest at 4 per cent. Address Ernest L. Whitney, North Dorset, 
Vt. 

North Dorset. 

Farm of 70 acres; pasture, 20; woodland, 25; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 25. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $400. House, 24 



34 Vermont Farms 



X 26; 7 rooms in good repair. Barn, 36 x 44. Fences in fair condition. 
25 ton silo. Farm will keep five cows and two horses. Good water supply. 
Orchard of 30 trees, Baldwin, Wealthy, Greening, Spitzenberg, Northern. 
3 hen houses, one is 12 x 36, and the other two are 10 x 12. Currants, 
plums and berries. Good running stream of water and best spring in the 
state. Price, $1,000; cash, $600; balance on interest at 5 per cent. 

North Dorset. 

Farm of 7 7 acres. Spring water. Railroad station, North Dorset, 5 
minutes' walk. R. F. D., telephone. This land is a high, beautifully 
wooded piece, overlooking Lake Emerald. A good spring. Near a level, 
cleared plateau. Suitable for fine summer home. Grounds could be laid 
out and beautified at small cost. Price, $1,800. Address, Esther A. 
Calahan, Manchester Center, Vt. 

Manchester. 

Farm of 8 acres, pasture, 2; suitable for cultivation, 8. House, 26 x 
32; L, 18 X 20; 11 rooms all new. Barn, 24 x 48. Fences in good con- 
aition. Will keep 2 cows and 2 horses. Water in house and barn. Fruit 
orchard of 15 trees. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $4,500; cash, $1,500; 
balance on interest at 5 per cent. 50 rods from the house is a 70 acre 
pasture and sugar orchard; 1,000 trees and 1100 tin buckets. Sugar 
house, 2 4 x 3 0. Evaporator and storage tanks. Buildings nearly new; 
beautiful lawn and shade trees. Fine scenery, good market. Vs mile from 
Equinox House, church, court house and village school. Will sell for 
$1,500. Address M. J. Covey, Manchester, Vt. 

Manchester. 

Farm of 100 acres. Spring water. Railroad station, Manchester, Vt., 
iy2 miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. Bungalow and camp sites in 
sizes to suit purchasers. The Battenkill and a mountain stream flow 
through the property. Very fine views of all the surrounding mountains, 
including Mts. Equinox and Aeolus. Easily reached over good roads. 
Farm products can be obtained from property farm house or other farms 
near. Hunting and fishing. 2 y2 miles from the famous Ekwanok Golf 
Club and Equinox House. Entire property is very picturesque and con- 
tains many ideal sites. Address Miss Adeline E. Bock, Manchester Depot, 
Vt. 

Manchester Center < 

Farm of about 100 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 10; other acreage, 
5 0. House, 28 x 38; L, 16 x 28; 8 rooms in good repair. 4 barns, 2 8 
X 40; 20 X 42; 28 x 36; and 30 x 40; in good repair. Fences in good 
condition, 5 ton silo. Farm will keep 2 to 2 5 cows and 3 to 4 horses. 
Water runs from spring to house and yard. Orchard of about 2 different 
fruits. Railroad station, Manchester Depot, 1 V^ miles. R. F. D. and tele- 
phone. This farm is on the main road from Manchester to Rutland. The 
country is thickly settled. The soil is heavy loam and very productive. 
Fine sugar orchard but small. If sold soon, will take $6,000 for farm and 
stock of tools. Can arrange to make the payments satisfactory to buyer. 
Price, $5,000; cash $3,000. Address J. H. Dimond, Manchester, Center, Vt. 

Peru. 

Farm of 2 acres; all suitable for cultivation. House, 28 x 36; 8 
rooms in good repair. Barn, 30 x 36; in good repair. Fences in fair 
condition. 2 ton silo. Farm will keep 2 cows and 1 horse. Fine water. 
Small apple orchard. Railroad station, Manchester, 9 miles distant. R. F.. 
D. and telephone. Beautiful location, fine view from house. On automo- 
bile route from New York to White Mountains. Town growing in popu- 
larity as a summer resort. Real estate doubled in value in a few years. 



Caledonia County Farms 85 



Fine place for a summer home. Price $1,500; cash, $1,000; balance on 
interest at 5 per cent. Address W. H. Burroughs, Hillcrest, Peru, Vt. 

Shaftshiiry 

Two acres of land, soil very rich. Store, 2 stories, slate roof, 26 x 
3 6 feet, with cellar under whole, L, 2.5 x 34 feet; six rooms on second 
floor, water piped in store and second floor, condition good. House 1 V2 
stories, shingled roof, 30x30 feet, with cellar; L, 1.5x20 feet; nine 
large rooms. Barn, 24x28 feet with wagon shed attached, 13 x 24. Or- 
chard of 3 3 apple (12 varieties) 7 pear and 2 grapevines. The business 
has been profitable for thirty years without any poor years. Stock car- 
ried, about $2500., consisting of general merchandise of staple goods. 
Sales for past six years have averaged over $2 50 weekly. Nearest competi- 
tor 5 miles. Station, express office, church and school nearby. New Eng- 
land telephone and W. U. telegraph. Price for real estate, $3,000 for 
quick sale. Portion of purchase price may remain on mortgage. Stock 
will be sold at reasonable prices or closed out. Address F. B. Randall, 
Shaftsbury, Vermont. 

Bondvi lie— Town of Winhall 

6 acre farm, on main travelled road between two villages, one-half 
mile to each. Level mowing, no rocks. Good eight room house. Good 
barn; never failing running water in house and barn yard. Cuts 15 tons 
of hay. Mowing land in high state of cultivation. Cement stable in barn 
for cow^s and calves. Well fenced pastures. Beautiful scenery; good 
road. Creamery 4 1/^ miles distant. Churches, school houses and stores, 
one-half mile. House is surrounded by maple trees. West river borders 
the farm on one side. Will keep 6 cows, 2 steers, 2 heifers and two 
horses. A good w^orking farm or a good summer home. Mail daily. 
Price, $1,000. Address Elton E. Ladd, Bondville, Vt. 

Winhall 

Farm of 300 acres; pasture, 30; woodland, 2 00; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 7 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2 000 — wood $5 per 
cord. 8 room house, 36x26; L, 22x14, in good repair. Barn, 30x2 0', 
in good repair. Fences in good condition. 2 5 ton silo. Farm will keep 
10 cows and one pair of horses. 2 springs furnisli water. Good orchard 
of 2 00 trees. Railroad station. South Londonderry, 6 miles distant. R. 
F. D. In fine location. Good roads any time of year. Fine market for 
butter, cream and milk. Address John Douglas, R. F. D., No. 1, South 
Londonderry, Vt. Box 4 8. 

CALEDONIA COUNTY 

Passumpsic — Town of Barnet 

Wood lot of 25 acres, estimated to contain over 400,000 feet of timber. 
Within three miles of station, all down grade. Price, $3,250. Address Al- 
fred Morse, Passumpsic, Vt. 

Burke 

Farm of 12 7 1/^ acres; pasture, llVo, woodland, 20; other acreage, 
50. Estimated value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 40x30; 8 
rooms in good repair. Barn, 40 x 50; in good repair. Fences in good condi- 
tion. 100 ton silo. Farm will keep 3 cows and 3 horses. Good water sup- 
ply. Orchard of 2 5 trees— Duchess, Peach, Winter, Yellow Transparent and 
native. Railroad station, West Burke, 2 i/^ miles distant. This farm is in 
a good state of cultivation and is in a good locality. Will sell farm with 
stock and tools if so desired. Price, $3,000. 



gg Vermont Farms 



Burke 

2 story building, 25x30 feet, recently clapboarded and shingled, 
with shed on front side, 15 x 25 feet. Also ice house and cooling room 
on side of building 18x20 feet together with about 1/2 acre of land and 
mill privilege. Railroad station. West Burke, 11/2 miles; Post Office 
Burke, V4. mile. This property has been used for a creamery and I have 
a creamery outfit that I would like to sell at reasonable price. Price, 
$500; $100 cash, balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address John Per- 
rault. Box 7 4, Lyndonville, Vermont. 

Burke 

Farm of 82 acres; pasture, about 40; woodland, 22; other acreage, 
20; suitable for cultivation, 5 0. Estimated market value of wood and 
timber, $7 00 besides sugar trees. 9 room house, 40x25; L, 40x30; in 
fair condition. Two barns, one 28x38; the other 40x46; in good repair. 
Fences in good condition. 6 ton silo. Farm will keep 8 cows and 2 
horses. Water running at house and barn. Orchard of 2 5 apple and 4 
plum trees. 6 00 sugar trees, 550 rigged with good buckets and covers. 
Railroad station. West Burke, 2 miles distant. R. F. D. and telephone. 
About 4 miles from Willoughby Lake, a very pretty western view. Also 
2 acres of tillage land in good condition about 4 miles from farm. Price, 
$1,800, cash preferred. Address Hiram H. Moulton, West Burke, Vt. 

Danville 

Farm of 10 acres, all suitable for cultivation. House, 28x32; L, 
16x36; 11 rooms in good repair. Barn, 24x36; in good repair. Fences 
in good condition. Supplied with village water. Situated in the village 
and on the main street. An ideal location for summer boarders. All 
modern improvements. Streets electric lighted. Railroad station, Dan- 
ville, Vt., % mile distant. Address M. M. Stocker, Danville, Vt. 

West Danville 

Farm of 110 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 25; other acreage, 45; 
suitable for cultivation, 45. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$2,000. House, 32x28; L, 36x24; 16 rooms in extra good condition. 
Barn, 65 x 40, in good condition. New fences. Farm will keep 14 cows and 
a team of horses. Extra nice spring water. Small apple orchard. House 
has all modern improvements. Always full of summer boarders from $7 
to $10 per week. Cottage lots enough to sell to pay for one-half of farm. 
One of the best money making farms in Caledonia County. Easy to car- 
ry on. Buildings consist of house and ell all newly shingled. Two story 
barn, hen house, carriage house, ice house filled. Band stand, boat house 
and a rowboat landing. Can furnish picture and reading matter of the 
place and its surroundings, A lovely place for a country home, or a big 
money making proposition for someone with a little money to get rich. 
Cause of selling, poor health. Address Lakeside House, West Danville, 
Vt. 

Groton 

210 acre farm; I/2 mile from railroad station, village graded school, 
churches and stores; land in high state of cultivation; fine trout brook; 
one of the best pastures in New England; sugar orchard 7 00 trees; large 
amount of wood and lumber; fruit for home use. Modern house, 12 rooms. 
Hot and cold water, bath, furnace heat. Barn, 100x44; basement, en- 
gine room, silo, 4 tieups, 6 horse stalls, 1 box. Running water in house 
and barn; electric lights. Poultry house for 600 fowl. R. F. D. and tele- 
phone. Address F. M. Weld, Groton, Vt. 



Cat.edoxia County Farms 87 

Hai'dwic'k 

Farm of 150 acres; pasture, 50; woodland, GO; suitable for cultivation, 
40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 32 x 40; 
L, 28 X 50; 9 rooms in good repair. Rarn, 40 x 65; in good repair. Fences 
in good condition. 100 ton silo. Farm will keep 20 cows and three 
horses. Running water in house and barn. Small apple orchard. Sugar 
orchard 200 trees. Hen house^ 120 feet long. Horse barn, basement for 
hogs and wagon house. 2 5 acres of land in one meadow, the rest smooth 
and nice to work. Furnace in house. Address E. H. Nelson, Hardwick, Vt. 

East Hardwick 

Farm of 3 acres, suitable for cultivation. House, 50 x30; L, 25 x30; 
rooms 13, in good repair. 2 barns, one 30 x 40 and the other 20 x 20, in 
good repair. Fences in good condition. 2 ton silo. Farm will keep 1 
cow and two horses. Spring running water at barn and house. Small 
fruit orchard. R. F. D. and telephone. Piazza front of ell; covered 
driveway at end of house. Shade trees in front. Price $3,700; one-half 
cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. F, V. Hassam's Place. 

Lyndon 

Village property: Two tenement block and store; 40x60; 16 rooms 
in good repair. Barn, 20 x 30; in good repair with good carriage shed at- 
tached. Railroad station, Lyndon, i/i mile distant. Telephone. The 
above described property is in a very desirable village. Electric lights 
and precinct water in block. Rents readily for $2 5 per month. Price, 
$12 00; part cash, balance on interest at 6 per cent. Address Willis A. 
Bradshaw, Concord, Vt. 

Newark 

Woodlot of 5 00 acres; 7 miles from railroad station, viz: West Burke. 
This lot has some of the finest old growth birch in the state. Two million 
feet of hard and soft wood. Prices given to responsible parties. Address 
Harris D. Packer, Newark, Vt. 

Ryegate 

Farm of 6 acres; pasture, 4; suitable for cultivation, 2. House, 2 5 x 30; 
11 rooms in good repair. Barn, 30x20; in good repair. Fences in 
good condition. Farm will keep 2 cows and 1 horse. Connected with the 
above is a good country store and the house described is annexed. This 
is one of the best farming communities in the state. Running water and 
water main included, which supplies three other houses. Small orchard of 
15 apples trees. Railroad station. East Ryegate, 2% miles distant. Price, 
$2,000 cash. Address W. D. White, Ryegate, Vt. 

East Ryegate 

Farm of 90 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 22; suitable for cultivation, 
28. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $600. House, 38x80; 
L, 38x34; 8 rooms in good repair. New barn, 76x44; in good repair. 
Fences in good condition. 80 ton silo. Farm will keep 18 cows and 2 
horses. Spring water. Small apple orchard. Horse barn, 28x30; hen 
house, 40 x28. R. F. D. and telephone. The best located farm, everything 
considered, in Caledonia County. Would make an ideal home for a cou- 
ple desiring a small farm. TTie tillage is perfectly smooth and very easily 
carried on. Is located on the river road and on the line of the Boston & 
Maine Railroad. Is only 2 miles from two stations, gristmill, creamery, 
stores, academy, etc. Has running water to house, horse barn and big 
barn. Railroad station, Mclndoe Falls, 2 miles distant. Price, $3,00 0; 
cash, $1,600; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address Linwood F. White- 
hill, R. F. D., No. 1. East Ryegate, Vt. 



88 Vermont Farms 



St. Johnsbiiry Center 

% acre land and 7 room cottage house, in good repair, just a few 
steps from the station. Good well water. Small barn in good repair; will 
stable two horses or one horse and one cow. Pig pen and wagon shed. 
Also a garden plot. An exceptionally pleasant place in summer. On the 
main street between two large towns. Price, $1,600 cash. Address Mrs. 
Rebecca Harriman, St. Johnsbury Center, Vt. 

St. Johnsbury Center 

Village property; 1 ^/^ acres of land suitable for cultivation. 10 room 
house, 27x33, with piazza, 27x51/^; L, 18x34; also shed, all in good 
repair. Barn, 27x42, in good repair. 1 ton silo. Spring water both 
house and barn. Large shade trees on lawn. Good vegetable garden and 
small fruits. About 8 minutes' walk from graded schools or 5 minutes' 
ride by steam cars to St. Johnsbury Academy, one of the best preparatory 
schools in New England. On main automobile drive. For sale to settle 
an estate. Price, $2,000; one-half cash. Address Mrs. C. W. Farr, St. 
Johnsbury Center, Vt. 

Sheffield 

150 acre farm; pasture, 85; woodland, 25; suitable for cultivation, 
40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800. House, 26x30; 
L, 24x36; 11 rooms in first class repair. Barn, 44x60; in line repair. 
Fences in good condition. 60 ton silo. Farm will keep 12 cows and 3 
horses. Spring water. Orchard of 60 apple trees — Bethel, Peach and 
Duchess. Railroad station, 8 1/^ miles distant. One of the finest locations 
on automobile road leading from St. Johnsbury to Barton. Never failing 
spring water to house and barn. Sugar orchard of 5 00 trees. Only rea- 
son for selling is because of poor health of the owner. Price, $3,2 00; cash 
$1,200; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address J. S. Chesley, Sheffield, 
Vt. 

Sheffield 

Farm of 9 5 acres; pasture, 25; woodland, 45; suitable for cultivation, 
25. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800. House, 36 x 30; 
L, 35 x 25; 12 rooms in first class condition. Barn, 40 x35; in fine repair. 
Fences in good condition. 4 ton silo. Farm will keep 12 cows and 3 
horses. Spring water. Small fruit orchard. House strictly modern. 
Price $4 000; cash, $1000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. S. A. Jones, 
M. D., Sheffield, Vt. 

Sutton 

Farm of 145 acres; pasture, 50; suitable for cultivation, 4 5. Estimat- 
ed market value of wood and timber, $1,500. 7 room house with L, 40 x 
20, in fair condition. Three barns, 40 x 30, 30 x 20, 40 x 30. Fences in 
fair condition. 4 ton silo. Will keep 18 cows and 3 horses. Spring 
water. Fruit orchard — 4 trees. Nice view. Pretty place. Railroad 
station, Sutton, Vt., 2 miles distant. R. F. D. and telephone next door. 
Price, $2,000; cash, $900; balance on interest at 6 per cent. Address W. 
Hamilton, Sutton, Vt. 

Sutton 

Farm of 135 acres; pasture, 75; woodland, 30. Estimated value of 
wood and timber, $1,200. House, 25x25; L, 25x15; 8 rooms in good 
repair. 2 barns, 24x30, 28x30, in good repair. Fences in good condi- 
tion. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses. Orchard of 15 trees. Good farm, 
lies level and free from stones. Good sugar orchard, well equipped. R. 
F. D. and telephone. Price, $2,500; cash, $1,300; balance on interest at 
5 per cent. 

Walden 

Farm of 12 5 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 40; other acreage, 55; 



Chittenden Cottnty Farms 89 

Estimated market value of wood and timber, $7 00. House, 3 x 28; L, 
30 X 18; 11 rooms in good repair. Barn, 30 x 3 6; in good condition. 
Fences in good condition. 2 ton silo. Will keep 15 cows, 
and 3 horses. Running water in house and barn. Apple orchard. Small 
sugar orchard. Railroad station, Greensboro, 3 miles distant. R. F. D. 
and telephone. Price, $2,000; $1,000 cash; balance on interest at 6 per 
cent. Address D. W. Stevens, Hardwick, Vt. 

CHITTENDEN COUNTY 

Charlotte 

Three excellent dairy farms, situated in Charlotte, Vt., also village 
property for sale; prices reasonable. Address Wm. H. Boardman, Char- 
lotte, Vt. 

Charlotte 

Farm of 200 acres; pasture, 95; woodland, 25; other acreage, 80; 
suitable for cultivation, 14 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$800; sugar orchard of 300 trees, and sugar house. Barn, 50x30 feet, 
also three other barns suitable for keeping stock in and a granary. House, 
30x25 feet; L, 45x22 feet, second wing, 60x20 feet; eighteen rooms. 
House in good repair; barns and fences in good condition. Will keep 2 5 
cows and 4 horses; running water in every field. Orchard of 7 5 trees, 
consisting of Greenings, Northern Spy and Fameuse. Farm situated on 
road from Hinesburgh to Charlotte; 6 miles from Lake Champlain, and 12 
mile from Burlington. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $7000; $2000 
cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address E. Hudson Converse, 
Charlotte, Vt. 

Colchester 

Place of 12 acres, all suitable for cultivation, situated in the village of 
Winooski, Vt. House, 34 x 25 feet; L, 22 x 32 feet; 18 rooms. House has 
all modern conveniences and is in the best of repair. Barn, 26 x 32 feet, 
in good repair. Fences in good condition. City water. Orchard of about 
5 old trees, and a few young trees, plums, pears, etc. Distance from rail- 
road station and post office, one-third of a mile. Telephone. There is a 
house on the place that rents for ten dollars per month. A number of lots 
can be sold. Price, $10,000; $3,000 to $5,000 cash; balance on interest at 
5 per cent. Address, E. Barton Whitney, Winooski, Vt. 

Colchester 

Woodlot of 5 50 acres; approximately 50 acres of coppice thickets, 
about ten years old; 250 acres of 20 year old oak, maple and birch; 2 50 
acres of 4 to 6 years old^ composed chiefly of poplar, paper birch, 
hemlock, white pine and oak. Open patches covered with wild fruits of 
different kinds. Several acres of grass lands. The lot already frequented 
by deer, grouse and a few trout in the brooks that flow through the land. 
Enough adjacent land of similar nature could be purchased to make 1000 
acres in a single block. Good building sites on the lot, and ideal ones on 
adjacent areas, giving unobstructed views of Mt. Mansfield, Camel's Hump 
and other points of the Green Mountains on the east, of Lake Champlain and 
the Adirondacks on the west. A portion of the boundary lines of this lot run 
within a hundred rods of the Winooski River at points which will soon be 
an artificial lake caused by large dam for development of electric power. 
The lot is 9 miles from Burlington from which is a 20 minute car service 
to Essex Junction, which is one mile from the edge of the lot. Can be ap- 
proached from three stations on the Central Vermont Railway, none of 
which are over two miles away, the principal one being Essex Junction, 
which is 6 i/4 hours from Boston and 9 hours from New York City. Price, 
$5,000. Address C. D. Howe, Morrisville, Vt. 



90 Vermont Farms 



Hiiiitiiigton 

"The Camel's Hump Fruit Farm" in Huntington. Farm of 290 acres; 
house 26 x 36 feet, L 20x30 feet; barn 30x90 feet, with cellar; fair re- 
pair. Will keep 2 5 cows and three horses; never failing water; orchard 
of 24 trees, Northern Spy, Mcintosh, Snow, Bethel, etc., sugar orchard. 
This is a very productive, easily tilled farm. Address J. E. Andrews, 

Essex Junction, Vt. 

Jericho 

Farm of 160 acres; pasture 90 acres; woodland, 20 acres; other 
acreage, 5 acres; suitable for cultivation, 100 acres; estimated market 
value of wood and timber, $1000; house, 30 x 60; wood shed 15 x 30 feet; 
twelve rooms; house in good repair; barn 96 x 32 feet; cellar; in good 
repair; fences in good condition; silo of 12 5 tons capacity. Will keep 
30 cows and 4 horses. Running water; orchard consisting of a few apple 
and plum trees. Telephone and R. F. D. Sugar orchard in which 7 00 
buckets are used. V4. of a mile from high school, store, post office and 
church. Railroad station, Jericho, Vt., 3 miles distant. Price, $8000; 
cash, $5 000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address E. J. Ransom, 
Jericho Center, Vermont. 

Jericho 

Farm of 154 acres: 102 acres in home farm, 52 acres woodland; 50 
acres pasture, the principal part of which is plowable land; 52 acres of 
cultivated land; estimated market value of wood and timber, $500; 
house of brick, 22x30 feet; L of wood 43x20 feet; 10 rooms; in good 
repair; ice house clapboarded and painted; barn 70 x 40 feet; cellar; in good 
repair; good manure barn; fences in good condition; will keep 14 cows, 
2 horses; water at house and barn; 7 good fruit trees; a very pretty 
house with large porch; nice view of Mt. Mansfield; large lawn; 3 miles to 
Jericho Center where there is a good graded and high school; railroad 
station 41/2 miles; post office, church, school and store, 1 mile. R. F. D.; 
telephone if desired. Price $3,500; one half cash, balance at 6 per cent. 
Old age only reason for selling. Address P. J. Hurson, Jericho, Vt. 

Milton 

No. of acres, 6, all suitable for cultivation. House 20x24 feet; 
L, 10 X 12 feet; 7 rooms; in good repair; barn 18 x 26 feet; in good repair; 
fences in good condition; water, well, pump in house; several varieties 
of small fruit trees; railroad station and post office, Milton, Vt. ; distant 
21/4 and 2 miles, respectively; level sandy loam, well suited for rais- 
ing strawberries and small fruits; good cellar under main part of house; 
R. F. D.; telephone, if desired. Price, $500; $250 cash, balance at 
5 per cent interest. Address, Mrs. Lizzie Weston, Cambridge, Vt. 

South Burlington 

Farm of about 90 acres, known as the Doctor Sparhawk farm, 2 1/^ 
miles from Burlington, just off from the Williston road; comfortable 
house and barn and large hen house; excellent opportunity for poultry 
raising and market gardening. Price $50 per acre. Address Charles 
King, Burlington, Vt., R. F. D., or J. W. Page, Burlington. Vermont. 

i Underhill Center 

Hotel with 75 acres of land; pasture, 20 acres; woodland, 35 acres; 
other acreage, 2 acres; suitable for cultivation, 2 acres; estimated 
market value of wood and timber, $1000. Hotel has 2 2 rooms; in good 
repair; barns in fair repair; water; railroad station, Underhill, Vermont, 
distance, 2 1/^ miles; telephone; delightfully situated for summer guests. 
Beautiful scenery; elegant mountain drives, trout fishing, nice roads. 
Price, $4000. Terms, easy. Address Fred H. Prouty, Marshfield, Vt, 



Essex County Farms 91 



Under hi 11 Center 

Underbill Mill, located on the C. V. tracks near the depot; all grain 
unloaded from cars to the mill, power shovel and elevator, etc.; equipped 
with up-to-date machinery; power is 7r> horse power gas producer, costing 
about $1.25 per day to run; mill has ample storage for corn and oats 
overhead and storage house 45x30 feet for sack grain annexed to main 
mill which is 60 x40 — 30 feet posted; heated by furnace installed the past 
winter; doing business of $40,000 to $50,000 each year. Price $10,000 
for mill and all appliances. Address J. E. Foster, Underbill, Vt. 

Westford 

Wood lot of 60 acres; located in eastern part of Westford, upon 
which there is a large amount of hard wood, estimated to be 10 00 cords; 
lot easy of access. Would be pleased to sell the wood standing. Ad- 
dress, R. B. Field, Jericho, Vermont. 

Westford 

Farm of 2 86 acres; pasture, woodland and suitable for cultivation, 
about equal; house, 30x42 feet; L, 26x50 feet; 15 rooms; in good repair 
3 barns with cellar; good repair; fences in good condition; run- 
ning water; silo, 150 tons capacity; will keep 5 cows and 6 horses; 
small orchard; will keep young stock; railroad station, Essex Center, 1 
mile distant; R. F. D.; telephone; buildings in center of farm. Price 
$12,000; $6000 balance on interest at 5 per cent. 

Westford 

Farm of 312 acres; pasture 2 60; other acreage 52; suitable for 
cultivation, 52; house 38x28 feet; 9 rooms. Horse barn 26x24 feet; 
1 cow barn 44x33 feet; another, 39x28 feet; wagon house, 20x18 
feet. There are now on the place 17 cows, 5 yearlings, 5 calves, 2 
horses; orchard of 7 plum trees and several apple trees; also a sugar 
orchard of about 1000 trees, equipped with sugar utensils; railroad 
station, Cloverdale, distant 2 ^i miles; telephone. Price $6000; $1,5 00 
cash; balance on interest at 6 per cent. Address Hiram Blackmer, 
Westford, Vermont. 

Williston 

Farm of 13 acres, pasture, 3 acres; suitable for cultivation 10 acres; 
house, 26x31 feet; L, 15x24 feet; no. of rooms, 9; in good repair; barn, 
3 X 40; fences in fair condition; will keep 3 cows and 2 horses; water; 
orchard of 16 apple and 15 plum trees, 2 grape vines; w^ater in cellar 
in house; well near barn; good hen house 10 x 40 feet; house has a veranda; 
railroad station. North Williston, distant 2 1/^ miles; post ofRce Williston, 
1/^ mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price $1,400. Address C. G. Austin, 
Williston, Vermont. 

ESSEX COUNTY 

Concoid 

Farm of 410 acres; pasture, 2 85; w^oodland, 12 5; other acreage, 
12 5. Estimated value of wood and timber, $4000 to $5000. House, 
36x40; L, 24x30; 21 rooms in good repair. Barn, 36x80; in good 
repair. Fences in good condition. 200 ton silo. Will keep 60 to 100 
cows and 4 to 6 horses. Running spring w^ater. Orchard of 5 apple trees. 
Railroad station, Concord, Vt., 2 miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. 
Write for price and further particulars. Part cash and part to remain 
on mortgage at 5 per cent. Address Willis A. Bradshaw, Concord, Vt. 

FRANKLIN COUNTY 

South Bakersfield 

Farm of 110 acres; pasture, 35; woodland, 50; other acreage, 25; 



92 Vermont Farms 



suitable for cultivation, 35; estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$1200 to $1500. House, 26x30; 8 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 
30x40; 24x30; in excellent repair. Fences in good condition. Will 
keep 10 cows and 2 horses. Excellent, never failing, spring water. 
Good apple orchard. Sugar orchard of 1000 trees, 900 newly equipped. 
New sugar house. Railroad station, E. Fletcher, 4 miles distant. R. F. D. 
and telephone. Price, $3,2 50; cash, $1,600; balance on interest at 5 

per cent. 

Enosbiirg Falls 

Farm of 3 acres: pasture, 2; suitable for cultivation, 1. House, 
30x36; L, 20x40; 12 rooms in good repair. Railroad station, ^4 mile 
distant. R. F. D., and telephone. One of the best locations in the village, 
facing a very pretty little park. Near churches and '^chool. Pi'ice, 
$3,000; cash, $1000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address Henry 
W. Allen, Enosburg Falls, Vt. 

Fairfield 
5 acres of land on the shore of Fairfield Pond. 2 cottages, one 
20x10; the other 28x15; 4 rooms very good repair. This land is known 
as Birch Point and is surrounded on three sides by water. Dream Lake, 
as this pond is called, is two and a half miles long and one mile wide. It 
is well shaded. Fine water, good fishing, bass, perch, etc. Fine shore 
for bathing. Private road to this point, % mile. Price, $1000; cash, 
$2 00; balance on interest at 5 per cent. For further information address 
N. J. Lachance, Fairfield, Vt. 

Highgate 

Farm of 175 acres; pasture, 50; woodland, 25; suitable for culti- 
vation, 100; estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House 
24x36; L, 20x30; 8 rooms in good repair. Barn in good repair. 
Fences in good condition. 100 ton silo. Will keep 30 cows and 4 horses. 
Good well and spring water. Small orchard. Farm is on nne highway 
leading from Highgate to St. Albans — 2 miles south of Highgate — 4 
miles east of Swanton village. Situated in the town of Swanton. Rail- 
road station, Highgate, 2 miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. Price 
$7000; cash $3000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address C. R. 
Lyon, Highgate Center, Vt. 

Highgate 

Village property. Garden of one-half acre.^ House, 22x26; L, 
20 X 20; 7 rooms in good repair. Barn, 26 x 22. Well and cistern water. 
Small apple orchard. Situated in the center of town. Price, $1,5 00; cash, 
$1000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address L. F. Pontbriand, 
Highgate, Vermont. : 

Highgate 

Village property. Plumbing, tin and bicycle shop with residence 
over shop. i/4 acre garden. House, 33x20; 4 rooms in good condition. 
Barn and fences in good condition. Well water. Located on the prin- 
cipal street in town; has a well established trade. PostofRce and railroad 
station, Highgate, one-sixth mile. Price, $1,400; cash, $900; balance on 
interest at 5 per cent. 

Highgate 

Farm of 206 acres; pasture, 100; woodland, 20; other acreage, 86; 
suitable for cultivation, 150; Estimated value of wood and timber, $1,500. 
Brick house, 26x32; L, 20x30; 15 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 
25x35; 50x70; also a tenement house in good repair. Fences in good 
condition. Will keep 30 to 3 5 cows and 4 horses. Spring water in house 
and barn. Orchard of 45 apple trees. This farm is very pleasantly 



Grand Isle County Farms 93 

located on a main road. Maple shade trees. Fine view. Fertile soil. 
Easily worked. Railroad station, B. & M., 1/2 mile distant. R. F. D., 
and telephone. Price, $5,500; cash, $2000; balance at 5 per cent; stock 
and tools. Address M. A. Regan, Highgate, Vermont. 

Highj>ate Center 

Farm of 5 acres, suitable for cultivation. House, 20x30; L, 18x20; 
8 rooms in good repair. Barn, 20x24; with cellar in good repair. 
Fences in good condition. 5 ton silo. Will keep one cow and one 
horse. Good well water. Pleasantly located between Highgate Cen- 
ter and Highgate Springs; 1 1/^ miles from Lake Champlain; V2 mile 
from "Carter Hill"; 21/2 miles from Swanton. Would be suitable for 
poultry IS. sing. R. F. D. Railroad station, Highgate Center, 2 miles 
distant. Price, $600 cash. Address C. W. Steele, Highgate Center, Vt. 

East Highjrate 

Farm of 110 acres; pasture, 35; woodland, 10; other acreage, 65; 
suitable for cultivation, 80. Estimated value of wood and timber, $1000, 
consisting of pine, hemlock, oak and maple. Brick house, 26x30; L, 
20x40; 14 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 40x60; 20x30; in good 
repair; fences in good condition. Granary; hog house and hennery. Silo, 
10 X 12 x 2 0. Will keep 18 cows and 3 horses. Spring water in house 
and barn. Fine location. Would make a fine country home. 
The farm has a good retail trade in butter, eggs, poultry, 
fruit and vegetables, meat and fish. R. F. D., and telephone. 
Price, $3,500; cash $1,500; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address 
M. A. Regan, East Highgate, Vermont. 

Sheldon Springs 

Village property. New 8 room — 2 story building, 24x30. 1 acre 

of land suitable for cultivation. Barn, 24 x 24, in good repair. Fences, 

new. Good running water in house. Price, $2,000. Address Wallace 
B. Whiting, Sheldon Springs, Vt. 

SAvanton 

Lake View Farm, 1000 acres; woodland, 125; suitable for cultivation, 
875. Estimated value of wood and timber, $5000. Fences in good con- 
dition. 2 — 2 75 ton silos. Will keep 100 cows and 2 horses. Lake 
water. Fine orchard of 500 Baldwin; 5 00 R. D. Greenings and 2 00 other 
apple trees. This is one of the farms with the most tillable acres in New 
England, with 2 1/^ miles of lake front. 4 farm houses, 16 barns, 2 cow 
barns, 1 creamery and several other outbuildings, including a fine cottage 
with auto garage and horse barn. The farm now carries 100 head of cattle, 
2 horses and cuts several hundred tons of hay and grain. Railroad sta- 
tion. Central Vermont, 1 1/^ miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. Price, 
$50,000; cash, $20,000; balance on interest at 6 per cent. 

GRAXD ISLK COUNTY 

Isle La Motte 

2 acre orchard — hotel and quarry property. Pasture, 2 acres, suit- 
able for cultivation, 3 acres. House, 3 0x40; L, 30x85; 16 rooms in good 
repair. 2 barns, 26x36; 26x72; granary, 16 x 2 0. Will keep 4 cows and 
2 horses. Spring and well water. 1,000 apple and 75 pear trees. Income 
from orchard for 1912, $1,500. House closed during 1913. Situated at 
lower end of loop between Burlington and Plattsburg, N. Y. On Inter- 
national auto road to Montreal. Also a quarry of 15 acres which has been 
extensively worked in heavy work or for crushed stone for road building. 
R. F. D., and telephone. Price to be agreed upon. One-third cash; bal- 
ance on easy terms at 5 per cent. Address H. H. Hill, Isle La Motte, Vt. 



94 Vermont Farms 



North Hero 

Farm of 62 acres, pasture, 52; woodland, 10; balance suitable for 
summer cottages. The above farm is about half way between Isle La 
Motte and North Hero. Beautiful site for camps. Situated on the east 
shore of North Hero and takes in about one-half mile of lake shore. Rail- 
road station. North Hero or Isle La Motte, 3 miles distant. Price, $3 50 
per lot. Address P. J. Farrell, North Hero, Vermont. 

LAMOILLE COUNTY 

Cambridge 

Farm of 4 % acres: house, 25 x 30; 5 rooms, in fair repair. Two barns, 
15x20. Fences in good condition. Land is suitable for raising any crop 
that grows in this climate. Farm is especially adapted for vegetable or 
poultry raising or for a summer home. Is situate on high level in plain 
view of Mount Mansfield. 12 apple trees and small fruit. R. R. station 
and Post Office, Cambridge, 3 miles. R. F. D. Price, $450; $200 cash; 
balance at 5 per cent. Address E. H. Linden. 

Cambridge 

Farm of 19 ^/^ acres; woodland, 16; suitable for cultivation, 3. Esti- 
mated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 40 x 80; 12 
rooms, good repair, heated by furnace, bath, hot and cold water. General 
store combined with house, with stock of $1,000. Barn, 25 x 40; cellar. 
Two new hen houses with yards and run. New barn. Farm will keep 1 
horse. Spring water. R. R. station and P. O., Cambridge, 3 miles R. F. D. 
and telephone. Near church and school. Price, $3,000. Address L. 
H. Scott. 

Eden 

Farm of 8 acres: pasture, 40; woodland, 6; other acreage, 10; suit- 
able for cultivation, 2 4. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$400. House, 22x30; L, 16x36; 9 rooms, in good repair. Barns, 30 X 
40 and 15 x 28, in fair repair. Good fences. Will keep 10 cows, 3 horses. 
Good running spring water at house and barn. Good orchard for family 
use — apples, pears and plums. R. R. station, Johnson, 9 miles. P. O., 
Eden, % mile. Telephone. Has been owned and occupied by present 
owner for 33 years. Is situated V2 mile north of Eden village, on main road 
to Franklin county. Good neighbors. Schoolhouse on farm. Stock and 
tools will be sold with farm if desired. Price, $1,500; $500 cash; balance at 
5 per cent. Address A. F. Rogers. 

Elmore 

Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 20; woodland, 60; suitable for cultivation, 
20. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,500. House, 26 x 
36; L, 20x30; 10 rooms, in good Al repair. Barn, 30x58, with cellar, 
nearly new; hay fork. Fences in fair condition. Will cut 30 to 3 5 tons of 
hay. Will keep 10 cows, 2 horses. Water piped from spring. 30 apple 
trees. Railroad station and P. O. at Wolcott, 4 miles. School, saw mill, 1 
mile. R. F. D. Price, $3,800; $2,500 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Ad- 
dress George C. Bryant. 

Hyde Park 

15 5 acres of timber and wood land; every acre easily reached; much 
soft wood, including spruce; much pulp wood and fine hard wood. Five 
miles from Morrisville, Vt., on Garfield road. Address L. M. Darling, Can- 
aan, Vt. 

Johnson 

"Elmhurst Farm" of 107 acres: pasture, 67 acres; other acreage, 40. 
House, 46x26; L, 50x16; 10 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 98x30, with 



Lamoille County Farms 95 



cellar; fair repair. Good fences; silo, 35 ton. Will keep 18 cows, 2 horses. 
Well and spring water. 2 pear trees, 50 bearing apple trees and moreyoung 
trees; plums, currants and black cap berries. Good sugar place of 750 
trees, equipped. Produces an income of from $150 to $200 a year. R. R. 
station, Johnson, 2 1/2 miles; P. O., Johnson, 2 miles. R. F. D. and tele- 
phone. A good, productive farm in good shape; all work can be done with 
machinery. Situate high and dry with fine view of surrounding valley and 
hills in the distance. Would make a fine summer residence. Price, in- 
cluding part of stock on the farm and tools, $4,200; $2,700 cash; balance 
at 5 per cent. Address N. J. Perry. 

Johnson 

Farm of 160 acres: pasture, 65; woodland, 30; suitable for cultivation, 
70. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800. House, 26x30; 
L, 20x24; 10 rooms; in good repair. Hot and cold water and bath room. 
Horse barn, 24x30; good cellar. Barn, 30x40; concrete stable. Running 
water in stable; buckets between cows. Running water in yard. Concrete 
silo, round, 16 x30. No. tons capacity, 120. Fences and buildings in good 
condition. Will keep 30 cows and 3 horses. Never failing spring water. 
Pasture watered by good trout stream running entire length. Apple orchard 
of 2 5 trees. 700 maple sugar trees, with modern equipment. Located on 
State road, 1 mile from Johnson village which has a normal school, graded 
and high school, 4 churches. R. R. station li/2niiles. R. F. D. Telephone 
line crosses back yard. Lamoille river runs straight by on south side. 
Price, $5,000; $2,500 cash; balance at 6 per cent. 

Johnson 

Farm of 2 60 acres; pasture, 13 5; woodland, 50; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 75. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,000. Pulp and 
hard wood. House, 24x36; L, 21x24; 7 rooms down stairs, not very good 
repair. Barn, 40 x 80, cellar; fair repair. Sugar house, shop and wagon 
shed combined. Will keep 20 cows, 3 horses. Has kept 7 head. Run- 
ning spring water. Apple orchard of 200 trees, various kinds. Sugar bush 
of 1,000 trees, equipped; new arch and evaporator. 12 nice, large butter- 
nut trees near house. Farm tools, mower, new horse rake, plow, harrow, 
cultivator, farm wagon, double harness, new sleds, cream separator, 11 
cows, 2 heifers, 1 bull. School house, 125 rods. 1 ^/^ miles to normal 
school and high school, railroad station and P. O. R. F. D. Price, $5,500; 
$2,000 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address D. J. Cummings. 

Johnson 

Farm of 112 i/^ acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 12^/^; suitable for culti- 
vation, 5 0. House, 24x32; L, 24x36; 12 rooms, good repair. Horse barn 
22x50; cellar; good repair. Stable, 501/2x551/2. Two silos. No. tons 
capacity, 12 0. Will keep 20 cows, 3 horses. Good fences. Running water 
from never failing spring. Farm is well located; meadow land, level and 
easily worked by machinery. The Lamoille river flows past the meadow. 
Small sugar place. Excellent graded schools, first class high school, also 
the Johnson Normal School. Three churches in village. R. R. station, 1 14 
miles; P. O., 1 mile. R. F. D. Telephone if desired. Price, $5,800; 
$4,000 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address Ernest W. Griswold. 

Dorchester Heights, To\\ti of Morristown 

Village residence of 15 acres: pasture, 3; woodland, 3; suitable for 
cultivation, 9. Nearly new 16 room house, in good repair. Barn, 30x40; 
barn, 24x40; cellar; good repair. Hennery, 12x36; ice house, 10x12. 
Buildings could not be rebuilt for $12,000. Good fences. Village water. 
Will keep 3 cows, 2 horses. Young orchard. Situated on a little eminence 
overlooking the town. One of the finest views in Vermont. A nice place 



96 Vermont Farms 



for summer boarders. Some very fine building lots. Railroad station and 
P. O., Morrisville, V2 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $10,000; 
$5,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address C. F. Smith. 

Morristown 

"Laporte Dairy Farm" of 250 acres: pasture, 12 0; woodland. 60; 
suitable for cultivation, 70. Estimated to be 600,000 ft. soft wood; con- 
siderable hard wood. House, 30x40; L, 50x24; 10 rooms; hot and cold 
water; bath room; in good repair. Nearly new 8 room boarding house. 
Barn, 110 x 78, with cellar; in good repair. Can tie 70 cows in one stable, 
110 head in all. Fine new hennery, capacity, 1500 fowls. 3 50 ton siio. 
All modern machinery, electric lights and power^ milking machines. Good 
fences. Running water. Two acre orchard. Farm cuts about 2 00 tons 
hay. Will keep 7 cows, 5 horses and young stock. Owner keeps about 
100 head of all ages, mostly registered Jerseys. Situate on finest auto road 
in the State. R. R. station and P. O., Morrisville, 3 miles. R. F. D. and 
telephone. Price, including personal property, $24,000; one-third cash; 
balance at 5 per cent. Address C. F. Smith. 

St owe 

"Clover Dale Farm" of 235 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 60; suit- 
able for cultivation, 7 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$1,000. Tillage land level. House, 26x40; L, 40x20; 11 rooms; good re- 
pair. Good tenement for hired man. Barn, 100 x 43, with cellar; good 
repair. Horse barn, 38 x 36. Fences in fair condition. Silo. No. tons ca- 
pacity, 10 0. Will keep 4 cows, 4 horses. Water from never-failing 
spring. Two orchards, grafts and natural fruit. Sugar orchard, 600 
trees. R. R. station and P. O., Stowe, 21/2 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. 
Level road to town. Price, including stock, farm, sugar and dairy tools, 
$8,500; $4,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. 

Stowe 

"Town Farm" of 150 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 40; other acreage, 
50; suitable for cultivation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and tim- 
ber, $500. House, 20x30; L, 15x20; 10 rooms; good repair. Two 
barns, 30 x40; good repair. Silo. Buildings would cost more than $5,000 
to rebuild today. Good fences. Will keep 12 cows, 2 horses. Water at 
house, spring. Orchard of 3 trees. Sugar orchard of 7 00 trees, equipped 
with iron arch, evaporator, sugar-off rig, buckets, spouts, holders, etc. 
Good sugar house. Corn barn. Mower, rake, harrow, etc. R. R. station 
and P. O., 41/^ miles. R. F. D. Telephone within V2 mile. Elegant view 
of Mount Mansfield. School, 1/2 mile. Price, $1,700; $700 cash; balance 
at 5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw. 

Stowe 

"Adonis Farm" of 150 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 60; other acreage 
40; suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and 
timber, $1,000. House, 20x30; L, 15x20; No. rooms, 10; good repair. 
Barn, 50x100; cellar; good repair. Good fences. Silo; No. tons capa- 
city, 50. Will keep 20 cows, 2 horses. Orchard of 100 trees. Sugar or- 
chard of 1,000 trees. Good sugar house, tubs, spouts, holders, iron arch, 
evaporator, sugar-off rig, etc. 15 cows, pair of horses, full line of tools. 
Grain barn. Land in good condition and easy to till. Good view of Mount 
Mansfield. R. R. station and P. O., Stowe, 4V2 miles. School i/4 mile. 
R. F. D. Telephone within one-half mile. Price, $4,000; $1,500 cash; 
balance at 5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw, 

Stowe 

"€ole Farm" of 100 acres: pasture, 30; woodland, 30; other acreage, 



Lamoille County Farms 97 

40; suitable for cultivation, 2 0. Estimated market value of wood and 
timber, $300. House, 20x30; L, 15x20; 10 rooms; fair repair. Barn, 
30x40; an extra barn in good shape. Fences in fair condition. Silo. No. 
tons capacity, 40. Will keep 15 cows, 2 horses. Spring water at house. 
Orchard of 100 trees, good fruit. A good grass farm, near steam mill. 
Lots of work and chance to cut wood. R. R. station and P. O., Stowe, 6 
miles. R. F. D. Price, $1,200; $600 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Ad- 
dress H. E. Shaw. 

Stowe 

"Harris Farm" of 100 acres: pasture, 25; woodland, 50; other acreage, 
25; suitable for cultivation, 2 5. Land easy to till; good for corn or po- 
tatoes. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $700. Near a saw 
mill; lots of lumbering. House, 20x30; L, 15x20; 10 rooms; fair repair. 
Barn, 30x40. Fences in fair condition. Will keep b' cows, 2 norses. 
Spring water at house. Orchard of 5 trees. R. R. station and P.O., Stowe, 
6 miles. R. F. D. Telephone within % mile. Price, $1,200; $600 cash; bal- 
ance at 5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw. 

Stowe 

"Jelley Farm" of 2 acres: pasture, 5; woodland, 5; other acreage, 10; 
suitable for cultivation, 10. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$100. Near steam saw mill, and work the year around. House, 20x30; 
L, 15x20; 9 rooms; fair repair. Barn, 24x30, with cellar; fair repair. 
Fences in fair condition. Spring water at house. Will keep 2 cows, 1 
horse. Orchard of 20 trees. R. R. and P. O., Stowe, 6 miles. R. F. D. 
Price, $350; $200 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw. 

Stowe 

Sallies farm of 2 acres; pasture, 5 woodland, 5; other acreage, 10; 
suitable for cultivation, 10. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$5 0. Near saw mill, and plenty of work. House, 15 x 20; 6 rooms; fair re- 
pair. Barn, 15 x 2 0. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 1 cow, 1 horse. 
Spring water. Orchard of 10 trees. R. F. D. Telephone V2 mile. R. R. 
station and P. O., Stowe, 5 1/^ miles. Price, $400; $200 cash; balance at 
5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw\ 

Stowe 

"Eureka Stock and Dairy Farm" of 212 acres: pasture, 62; wood- 
land, 50; suitable for cultivation, 100. Clay loam soil, free from stone, 
machine worked, no waste land. Estimated market value of wood and 
timber, $2000. House, 50x24; L, 18x24; 9 rooms, 2 pantries, 6 closets; 
good repair. Barn, 40x80; cellar; good repair. Barn, 30x40; 

horse barn, 30x40; sheep barn, 20x18; corn barn, wagon shed; lumber 
for silo. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 5 cows, 4 horses. 
Running spring water. Orchard, 5 trees; several varieties. 5 00 sugar 
maples; new boiling equipment. Farm cut 100 tons of hay last sea- 
son (1912) besides 18 acres ploughed. Railroad station and post 
office, l^^ miles. R. F. D., and telephone. Forty head stock, 3 
horses, all farm machinery, including hay loader, side delivery rake, 
sulky plow, manure spreader, tedder, hogs and poultry. Price, $8,000; 
$4,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Twenty-five tons of hay for sale. Ad- 
dress G. W. Chapin. 

StoAve 

Farm of 82i/2 acres located in Stowe hollow: pasture, 30; wood- 
land, 33; suitable for cultivation, 20. Enough wood and timber 
for farm use. House, 24x30; L, 15x30; 8 rooms; good repair. Barns, 
28x38, 18x24, cow stable, 14x44; cellar; good repair. Silo, 10 x 
11 x 17. Will keep 10 cows, 2 horses. Spring water. Apples, pears 



98 Vermont Farms 



and plums. Sugar orchard; can hang 500 buckets. Good view of Mount 
Mansfield. Stowe electric railroad, 3 miles. P. O., 3 miles. R. F. D. 
On telephone line. District school, three-fourths mile. Price, includ- 
ing 10 cows, 2 horses, farm, dairy and sugar tools, $2000; $1000 cash, 
balance at 6 per cent. 

Waterville 

Farm of 25 acres: suitable for cultivation, 20. House, 24x28; L, 
18x30; 8 rooms; good repair. Barn, 18x30. Good fences. Will keep 
5 cows. Spring running to house. 1200 apple trees and 15,000, more 
or less, in the nursery. This is a desirable property in many ways. Fine 
for fruit and good as a nursery proposition, which has one of the finest 
lists of varieties to be found. Personal property included if desired, 
which includes 5 colonies bees and 150 head high class poultry all 
in the best of shape and condition. R. R. station, Cambridge Junction, 
5 miles. P. O., Waterville, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. 

Waterville 

Farm of 124 acres: pasture, 40; meadow, 60; woodland, 24. Two- 
story house, in fairly good condition; some repairs needed. Average farm 
buildings. Soil, sandy loam. Meadows may be cut with machine. Will 
keep 12 or 15 head of stock. 1 1/^ miles to village with churches, 
stores, P. O., etc. R. R. station, 5 1/^ miles. Distance from schools, 50 
rods. A few fruit trees — about a dozen. Would make a nice fruit 
farm; nursery on small farm adjoining where owner has set nearly 
2000 young trees. Price, $1,800; $5 00 cash, balance at 5 per cent. 
Must be sold to close an estate. Addres Geo. L. Story, Administrator. 

Waterville 

"The Stanley Farm" of 148 acres: pasture, 93; woodland, 20; suit- 
able for cultivation, 35. 100 acres is situated in Johnson, 48 acres 
with house in Waterville. House, 30x40; L, 18x20; 9 rooms; good 
repair. Barn, 2 x 30; cellar; good repair. Good fences. Will keep 
15 cows, 3 horses. Spring water. A few apple trees. 15 00 excellent 
sugar maples. 8 cows, 1 mowing machine, 1 plow, 1 harrow, 100 
sap buckets and spouts, 1 evaporator, 1 drawing tub, 2 sap holders, 1 
sugaring-off pan. R. R. station and P, O., Johnson, 4 miles. R. F. D, 
Price, $22 00; one-third cash, balance at 5 per cent. For a quick sale 
to close estate, might shade this price a little. Address Geo. L. Story, 
Administrator. 

Waterville 

Farm of about 12 acres: pasture, 40; woodland, 40; about 75 acres 
suitable for cultivation. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$4000. Only 1 mile to mill. Brick house, 271/2 x42; L, about 15x20; 
11 rooms; in good repair. Fine cellar, with hatchway, under all of 
house. Barn, 32x70, with lean-to, 30x70; cellar; good repair. Ca- 
pacity, 100 tons. Will keep 20 cows, 2 horses. Fences m good con- 
dition. Plenty of common and two or three grafted trees. Has the best 
sugar house and best set up sugar orchard in town; 14 5 tin sap buckets, 
nearly new, a Leader evaporator and iron arch and sugaring off outfit, 
nearly new and under the same roof; two years stock of dry wood in shed 
and plenty of storage for sap; also nearly one thousand feet of iron pipe 
that carries sap to the sugar house. Outfit represents about $1500 outlay. 
Large henhouse, large wagon and tool house. The manure is under cover. 
The pasture is well watered at all times. Barn is nearly new. Running 
water to barn recently installed. R. R. station, Cambridge Junction, 5 
miles. P. O., 1 mile. R. F. D. Telephone within 5 rods or so. Price, 
$6,000; $3,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Mills and timber lands also 
for sale. 



Orange County Farms 99 



Wolcott 

Land for cottages: These lands are situated upon a beautiful body 
of water consisting of about 150 acres. It is conceded by many that the 
best bass fishing in Northern Vermont is found in this little lake. One of 
the nicest trout streams in this vicinity has its source in this lake, flowing 
southerly toward the village of Wolcott where it empties into Lamoille 
River, a larger stream well supplied with fish. The lake is only about 
twenty minutes drive from Wolcott village which is situated upon the 
St. J. & L. C. R. R. and at the present time there is only one cottage upon 
this land, owned by Dr. G. C. Rublee of Hardwick, Vt. Supplies can be 
readily supplied by the farmers and steel boats can be supplied at any 
time. P. O., Wolcott, 3 miles. R. P. D. For further particulars, ad- 
dress G. H. Davis, R. F. D. No. 1 

ORANGE COUNTY 

Braintree 

"Mount Pleasant." Farm of 170 acres: Pasture, 75; woodland, 52; 
other acreage, 40; suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value 
of wood and timber, $1800. R. R. siding for shipping wood and lumber, 
2 miles, all down grade House, 33x23; L, 30x21; 9 rooms; good re- 
pair. Two barns, 28x38, each; cellar; good repair. Silo. Fences in 
good condition. Will keep 12 cows, 8 young stock, 3 horses. Spring 
water at house and barn yard. About 60 or 7 apple trees, consisting of 
Northern Spies, Greenings, Gravenstein and other varieties; also 3 pear 
trees and 1 white plum tree. Sugar orchard of about 4 00 trees. De- 
posit of talc in pasture. There seems to be quite an extensive vein of said 
mineral. A very desirable dairy farm. Milk and cream taken at door. 
School just across the street. R. R. station, E. Granville, 3 miles, P. O., 
Roxbury, 5 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $3,000; $1,500 cash, 
balance at 5 per cent. Good set of farming tools cheap if desired. 

Brookfield 

The Joseph Newell farm of 187 acres in East Brookfield: Pasture, 97; 
woodland, 40; suitable for cultivation, 50. 400 or 500 sugar maples and 
about 350,000 feet of timber. House, 32x38; L, 20x40; 12 rooms; 
good repair. Barns, 32x42, 36x46; shed, 32x50; fair repair. Silo; 
capacity, 37 tons. Will keep 2 to 2 5 cows, 3 or 4 horses. Owner 
pressed and sold 37 tons of hay from the 1911 crop. Fences in good 
condition. Running water at house and barns. 7 5 apple trees, one- 
half grafted; a few pears and plums. Two good trout streams run 
through the farm. R. R. station, Williamstown, 8 miles. R. F. D. and 
telephone. Price, $1600; $800 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address 
H. L. Newell, M. D., East Randolph, Vermont. 

Chelsea 

Farm of 190 acres: pasture, 70; woodland, 50; other acreage, 70; 
suitable for cultivation, 70. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$4000. House, 24 x 32; L, 30 x 18; 9 rooms; good repair. Barns, 30 x 
40, 55x26, 34x44. Silo. Will keep 25 cows, 3 horses. Fences in 
good condition. Running water. Several varieties of apples, R. R. 
station. South Royalton, 14 miles. P. O., Chelsea, 2 1/^ miles. R. F. D, 
and telephone. Farm is nicely divided into pasture and tillage for dairy- 
ing or mixed farming. Is now cutting from 50 to 6 tons of hay. 9 
acres of this farm are free from taxation, excepting on the buildings. 4 
acres of the tillage is level mow field. Practically all is good machine 
mowing. Price, $2500; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address 
Percy J. Heath, Washington, Vermont. 



100 Vermont Farms 



Chelsea 

House, 40x30; L, 30x25; 11 rooms; in best of repair. Barn, 
30x20; no repair needed. Garden. Good water. One of the best houses 
in town, two story, slate roof, large veranda. Carriage house, sheds. 
Barn and everything O. K. P. O. 15 rods. Telephone. Price, $4 000. 
Address E. D. Barnes. 

Chelsea 

Hotel property: Hotel has 40 rooms; in good repair. Livery stable. 
10 acre pasture and large garden. Will keep 2 cows. Good water. R. 
R. station, South Royalton, 14 miles; Williamstown, 10 miles. Telephone. 
Price, $8000; $4000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Practically everything 
in the hotel will go with the hotel. It is a bargain. Address E. D. 
Barnes, Proprietor. 

Corinth 

Farm 32 acres: pasture, 17; woodland, 8; suitable for cultivation, 
7. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $400. House, painted 
and blinded, 30x24; L, 32x20; 7 rooms; in good repair. Barn 44x25; 
good repair. Hen house. Carriage house, 2 x 2 0. Will keep 2 cows, 
1 horse. Farm has kept 4 cows and a horse. Running water. Orchard of 
25 trees, Fameuse, Peach apple, Pearmain, etc., Corinth Academy and 
Cookville Graded School; three stores, blacksmith shop, bobbin mill. A 
short distance to saw mill and creamery. R. R. station, Bradford, 10 
miles. P. O., Corinth, V^ mile. Telephone. Price, $1,500; $1,000 cash; 
balance at 5 per cent. Address F. W. Thurber. 

Corinth 

Farm of 4 00 acres: pasture, 2 00; wood land, 10 0; suitable for cul- 
tivation, 100. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $500, House, 
35x75; annex, 30x33; 32 rooms; in fair repair. Large dining room 
suitable for dances; broad veranda up-stairs and down to the end and 
side of main house and entirely around annex. Barn, 40 x 100; cellar; 
good repair. Silo. Will keep 2 5 cows, 10 horses. Spring water. Or- 
chard of 200 trees; Wealthy, Snow, Alexander, Peach, Tolman Sweet, 
Baldwin, and other varieties. Farm cuts 5 tons of hay. Bowling alley 
90 feet long; two alleys. R. R. station, Bradford, 10 miles. P. O., 
Corinth, 3 miles. Price $4000; $1,500 cash, balance at 5 per cent. 

Corinth 

Farm of 9 3 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 17; other acreage, 26; 
suitable for cultivation. 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and tim- 
ber, $500. House, 25 x 32; L, 20 x 22; 7 rooms besides pantries and 
entries; sound and recently shingled. Barn, 3 8 x 72. Fences in fair con- 
dition. Silo, 40 tons. Will keep 10 cows, 2 horses. Running water at house 
and barn. Orchard of 5 5 grafted apple trees; over 30 bearing and others be- 
ginning to bear. A few pear, cherry and plum trees. There is an oppor- 
tunity for a small business at sugar making at present and a larger one 
in the future. More than 400 buckets may be used now and there are 
several hundred young trees of all sizes that have been thinned out and 
are growing rapidly. P. O., Cornith, 3 i/^ miles. R. F. D. and telephone. 
School, i/i mile. Price, $1500; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Ad- 
dress J. P. Sargent. 

Corinth 

Farm of 150 acres: pasture, 70; woodland, 30; other acreage, 10; 
suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Fields very free from stone. Estimated 
market value of wood and timber, $800. House, 28x32; one story; 11 
rooms; fair repair. Barn, 34x34; shed, 20x40; good repair. Barn, 
30 X 36, with stable; fair repair. Fences in good condition; lots of steel 
Perfect fence. Will keep 10 to 15 cows, 4 horses. Spring water at 



Orange County Farms 101 



house and barn and a well with never failing supply. An orchard with 
several Peach, Duchess, Greening, Ben Davis, Bethel, Snow, and other 
varieties. About one-third of woodland is covered with fine maples. 
About 1500 have been tapped; 2000 available. R. R. station, Bradford, 
12 miles. P. O., 21/2 miles. R. F. D., and telephone. 1/2 mile to school 
house and 2% miles to graded school. Price, $1,500. Address H. B. 
White, Administrator, Topsham, Vermont. 

Corinth 

iFarm of 150 acres: pasture, 40; woodland, 30; other acreage, 80; 
suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$700 or $800. House, 32x28, 2 stories; 9 tinished rooms; in good re- 
pair. Barn, about 40x40; shed 18x45; good repair. Fences in good 
condition; some Perfect fences. Farm will keep 10 or 15 cows, 2 horses. 
Plenty of water at house and barn. Orchard consists of a few young 
trees and some older growth. Fine fields nearly free from siones; good 
machine mowing. Sugar orchard of perhaps 1000 trees, and a good 
growth of hard wood on both places. In close proximity to mining en- 
terprise. Can be made fine for summer boarders. Shade trees, etc. R. 
R. station, Bradford, 12 miles. P. O., Corinth, 21/2 miles. District 
school, about V2 mile; high or graded school, about 2 4 miles. R. F. D. 
Telephone line near. Must be sold to close estate. Price, $1,500. Ad- 
dress H. B. White, Administrator, Topsham, Vermont. 

Corinth 

Farm of 83 acres: pasture, 43; woodland, 15; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 25. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $200. House, 
2 5 X 30, with 6 rooms. Barn, 30 x 38; cellar; fair repair. Fences in 
fair condition. Farm will keep 5 cows, 1 horse. This farm nearly ad- 
joins Corinth copper mining property. There is supposed to be a copper 
mine on this farm. Orchard of 2 5 trees. Railroad station, Bradford, 
12 miles. P. O., Corinth, 2 miles. R. F. D. Price, $600. Address 
H, B. White, Administrator, Topsham, Vermont. 

\ Fairlee 

Summer cottage on Lake Morey, with one-third acre of land. House, 
new 3 years ago, 20x32; 9 rooms; good repair. Running spring water 
in sink, bath room on top floor. Large piazza on three sides. Sleep- 
ing porch on top story. R. R. station and P. O., Fairlee, 1 mile. R. F. 
D. and telephone. Price including furniture, dishes and boat, $2100; 
$100 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address Geo. C. West. 

Randolph 

Summer residence situated on State road within one-third mile from 
very heart of town. A twelve acre lot consisting of tillage and pasture 
for cow and horse. Fine garden. 1 i/^ story house of 11 rooms, bath 
and wash room, village water, electric lights; broad porch on two sides. 
House commands most delightful view of mountain and valley. Fine 
barn with two stalls and room for a man. Only the main road divides 
this property from "Mari-castle Park" of many acres, lovely drives, 
summer houses, seats, etc. Commanding a fine view of town and moun- 
tains. This park, through the kindness of its owner, is "free to all 
humanity who will be decent." A desirable property in a most desirable 
town. Situated in the village district, but not in the school district. 
Would sell good surrey, light buggy, two horses and ail kinds of garden 
tools. For further particulars address Miss Ella P. Skinner, 34 South 
Main Street. 



102 Vermont Farms 



Strafford 

Farm of 4 00 acres: pasture, 17 0; tillage, about 12 0; balance in wood 
and timber. House, 26x36; L, 18x40. Horse barn at end of L, 26 x 
36. Basement cattle barn, 40x48. Basement has shed and silo; tie-ups 
for 39 head of cattle. Hen house and storage shed. House and barn 
buildings in good repair. Orchard of 150 young apple trees, some plum 
and pear trees. Can tap 1000 sugar maples. R. R. stations, Sharon, 
12 miles, and Ely, 13 miles. For futher particulars address J. R. Hayes. 

Strafford 

Farm of 170 acres: pasture, 50; suitable for cultivation, 2 5. House, 
33x29; L, 13x16; 10 rooms; cellar under all of house; in very good 
repair. Barn, 49x36; in good repair. Fences in good condition. Farm 
will keep 12 cows, 2 horses. Water in barn and house. Quite a number 
of apple trees. With a little work considerable more land can be made 
suitable for cultivation. "We are just two old people here as our boys 
have left us. We can't run the farm." R. R. station, Sharon, 9 miles. 
P. O., Strafford, 1% miles. R. F. D. Price $1050. Easy terms. Ad- 
dress William, H. J., or James Bassingthwaighte. 

Strafford 

Farm of 120 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 20; other acreage, 10; 
suitable for cultivation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$300. Land in good state of cultivation. House, 24x22; L, 26x18; 
8 rooms; in good repair. Barn, 88 x 30; fair repair. Fences in good 
condition. Silo, 35 tons. Farm will keep 15 cows, 2 horses. Spring water. 
50 apple and 6 pear trees. Poultry houses for 2 50 hens. Farm is on good 
road. Reason for selling is old age and poor health. R. R. station, 
Sharon, 5 miles. P. O., South Strafford, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. 
Price, $2000; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address Geo. H. Brown, 
South Strafford. 

South Strafford 

"Pleasant View Farm" of 235 acres: pasture, 110; woodland, 75; 
other acreage, 50; suitable for cultivation, 50. Estimated market value 
of wood and timber, standing, $12 00. A two-story house, 2 6x3 0; L, 2 0x3 0, 
Li, 20x24; 19 rooms besides closets; good repair. Barn, 40x100, with 
cellar, slate roof; in good repair. Barn, 24 x 24, for horses. Silo. Fences 
mostly wire, in good condition. Farm will keep 4 cows, 4 horses. 
Running water at house and barn. Orchard consisting of a few native 
and Duchess trees. Forty acres of meadow land is level, 10 acres, 
rolling. Fine corn and grass land. Pasture watered by never failing 
trout brook. Two new poultry houses. Insurance, $5,000. Pine place 
for summer boarders. Is considered the best farm in town. R. R. 
stations, Sharon, 6 miles, Pompanoosuc, 9 miles. P. O.. South Strafford, 
Vz mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $7000; $4,500 cash; balance 
at 5 per cent. Address Pinkham & Varney, 

Tunbridg© 

Wood and timber lot of 4 acres. Estimated market value of wood 
and timber, $2000. Lot contains old growth maple, beech, yellow birch, 
red birch, basswood, ash and hemlock. R. R. station. South Royalton, 
5 miles. P. O., Randolph .Center, 4 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. 
Price, $2,000 cash. 

Tunbridge 

Farm of 140 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 25; suitable for culti- 
vation, 60. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 
20x30; 9 rooms; good repair. Two barns, one 40x30; cellar; good re- 



Orleans County Farms 103 

pair. Silo. Fences in good condition. Will keep 12 cows, 2 horses. 
Running water. 7 5 apple, pear, plum and cherry trees, also blackber- 
ries and raspberries. Near a large quarry. Good sugar orchard; a sugar 
house and tools. R. R. station. South Royalton, 4 miles. P. O., East 
Bethel, 2 miles. Telephone. Price, $2,500 cash. Address F. H. Rea. 

Timbridge 

Farm of 12 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 25; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 40, Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,200. House, 
20x40; 7 rooms; in very good repair. Two barns, and corn barn. One 
barn, 4 x 5 0, with cellar; good repair. Silo, 3 5 tons. Fences in good con- 
dition. Will keep 15 cows, 2 horses. Running w^ater. Sixty apple and 2 
plum trees. Good sugar orchard. Near neighbors, church, and a district 
school. R. R. station, South Royalton, 4 miles, P. O,, East Bethel, 2 
miles. This farm adjoins the farm above described. Telephone. Price, 
$3,000 cash. Address F. H, Rea. 

Vershire 

Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 25; woodland, 25; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 5 0. Estimated market value of w^ood and timber, $2 00. House, 
28x30; L, 18x24; 10 rooms; fair repair. Barn, 44x48; cellar; fair 
repair. Horse barn, 30x4 5, 4 stalls and cellar. Fences in good condi- 
tion. Farm will keep 12 cows, 3 horses. Spring water. Orchard of 
40 apple trees. Situated on the stage road from Vershire to Chelsea 
5 miles to Chelsea, the county seat. 1 mile to church, stores, school, 
creamery, blacksmith shop and gristmill. In a good neighborhood. R, 
R. station, Ely, 13 miles. P. O., Vershire, 1 mile. R. F. D, On tele- 
phone line. Price, $1,350; $5 00 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address 
A. H. Colton, Post Mills, Vermont. 

ORLEANS COUNTY 

Albany 

The "William Hayden Farm" of 5 00 acres: pasture, 150; woodland, 
200; other acreage, 150; suitable for cultivation, 100. Estimated market 
value of wood and timber, $1,000. Brick house, 35 x 48; L, 31 x 26; 17 
rooms and bath; 10 closets and 3 halls; in fair repair. Large lawn en- 
closed with heavy granite curbing. Barns, 30x96, 43x112, 45x118, 
44x50, 34x45, 36x40; fair repair. Fences in fair condition. Will 
keep 4 cows, 4 horses now. Can be made to keep 60 cows. Orchard 
of 2 or 3 trees. This is a very desirable place. Clay loam soil. Near- 
ly all machine mowing. Black river runs through the large field of 100 
acres. House is richly furnished with black walnut, rosewood and ma- 
hogany, upholstered with hair cloth; heavy window draperies, rich vel- 
vet carpets, piano, etc. Will sell the house with furniture and as few 
acres desired or the whole farm. Is situated on the fine State road. 
R, R, stations, Orleans, 12 miles, Hardwick and Wolcott, 13 miles. P. 
O., Albany, 1 1/^ miles. Daily stage. R. F, D., and telephone line. 
Must be sold to settle estate. Price, $10,000; enough cash so balance 
can be paid on mortgage at bank or elsewhere. For further particulars 
inquire of N. B. Williams, Administrator, North Craftsbury. Vermont. 

Barton 

Four hundred acres of w^ood and timber. Estimated market value, 
$2,000. Mountainous and rocky and largely growing up with white 
birch and poplar. Sled roads to every part of the property. Rail- 
road station Willoughby, 1 mile. P. O., Willoughby, 1 mile. Price, 
$2,000; $1,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. For further particulars ad- 
dress W. S. McDowell, Orleans, R. F. D. 



104 Vermont Farms 



Barton 

A forty acre property: pasture, 15; suitable for cultivation, 2 5. Over- 
looking Crystal Lake. Suitable for summer homes or permanent homes. 
Situated in the limits of the incorporated village of Barton. R. R. sta- 
tion about 50 rods. P. O., V2 mile. Price, easy terms. 

Barton 

Farm of 210 acres. House, 30x40; L, 2 5x30; 15 rooms; good 
repair. Modern barn, 50x100; cellar; fair repair. Horse barn, 30x40; 
sheep barn 30x50. Fences in fair condition. Farm will keep 30 cows, 
2 horses. Spring water; large stream, never failing. Native fruit in 
abundance. This farm has four tillage fields and two wood lots. Ow- 
ing to this fact and that it is near a thrifty railroad village, part of the 
tillage and woodland might be sold off and still have a good farm left. Es- 
timated value of wood and timber, $3,000. The farm is located just north 
of Barton village which has a fine academy, public library, churches, 
stores, etc., within easy walking distance. R. R. station, three-fourths 
mile, P. O., one-half mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price $8000; 40% 
cash. Address F. E. Nelson. 

Barton 

A money making farm of over 200 acres of rich farming land located 
only one-half mile from stores and less than one mile from railroad sta- 
tion. Land is suitably divided into tillage, pasture, and woodland, the 
latter comprising two of the best sugar orchards in town, with two camps 
equipped with evaporators and about 3,000 buckets. Could use 500 more. 
Lots of white ash timber and wood besides sugar maples. Modern high 
drive barn, 50x100; horse barn, 30x40; sheep barn, 30x50. Large, 
fifteen room house in good repair. Nice yard with maple shade and pleas- 
ant view. An abundance of variety of fruit. Buildings are sapplied 
with large stream of never failing spring water. R. F. D. and telephone. 
Farm must be sold to settle estate. Address F. E. Nelson, Administrator. 

Barton 

A farm of 120 acres including stock and tools for $5,800. IVz miles 
to the hustling village of Orleans, Vermont, with stores, churches, (in- 
cluding Catholic), factories. This farm is pleasantly located on main road, 
R. F. D. ; cream taken at door; telephone in house; the best of spring run- 
ning water in house and at barn. Fruit orchard of good variety for home 
use. Land well divided in tillage, pasture and wood. Dark loam soil, 
smooth, a little rolling, not very stony, a few boulders; all machine work. 
Will winter 2 5 head and team and with a little work will winter 3 
head. A good pasture for 2 5 head; well fenced and plenty of water and 
shade. There is about 200,000 feet of soft wood timber, spruce, fir and 
cedar. Only 1 1/^ miles to mill. Also one of the best sugar places in 
Orleans county of 12 00 trees, mostly old growth, rigged for 1000 trees, 
very good equipments. Produces $2 00 worth of sugar in a year. 1 1/^ 
story house, 30x30, with an ell, 20x40, with one year's supply of wood 
in shed and yard. House newly clapboarded and painted. Piazza on ell. 
Good yard with two large maple shade trees. House has 8 rooms with 
cabinet kitchen and cellar; rooms in good repair. Stock barn 4 x 6 0, 
has a basement and a silo for 100 tons; stable arranged for 2 head. 
Horse barn, 2 x 4 0, double boarded, has 4 stalls with basement. Carriage 
house, connected to dwelling house; a good sized tool shed, hen house, 
12 X 18. Thirteen young cows, 2 yearlings, 6 calves, 2 pigs, 1 horse, all 
the hay and grain, 2 mowing machines, 1 horse rake, 2 plows, 2 harrows, 
wheel and smoothing, 2 cultivators, land roller, dump cart, new carriage, 
1 express wagon, 2 lumber wagons, 2 pairs work sleds, 1 pung, 1 sleigh, 



Orleans County Farms 105 



1 pair of work harness, and a driving liarness. Price, $5,800, a reasonable 
amount down and balance on easy terms. Owner desires to sell as she is a 
widow in poor health. Address Mrs. Nora Holmes, Barton, Vermont. 

Derby 

Farm of 3 acres suitable for cultivation. House, 40x30; 2 3 rooms 
in good condition. Barn, 40x25; with cellar, 16x23; in good repair. 
Railroad station, Newport, 4 miles distant. 4 tenement house, wood 
shed, barn, ice house and blacksmith shop. Price, $5,00 0; cash $2 000, 
balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address C. R. Doody, Derby, Vermont. 

Derby 

16 acre farm in Derby Center. Barn, 24x24 in good condition. Will 
keep 6 cows. Railroad station, Newport, 4 miles distant. Price, $1,500; 
cash $5 00, balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address C. R. Doody, Derby, 
Vermont. 

Brownington (Village of Evansville) 

Farm of 130 acres: pasture, 35; woodland, 15; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 80. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House 
of ten rooms in good repair. Barns, 50 x 40, 32 x 28, 40 x 90, with cellar, in 
good repair. Fences in good condition. Silo. No. tons capacity, 7 5. 
Will keep 2 5 cows, 4 horses. Water, running. Orchard, apple. Rail- 
road station, Orleans, distance, 4 miles. Postoffice, Orleans, distance, 
4 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Smooth machine worked fields; nearly 
free from stone. Deep fertile soil. Short walk to school, church, stores, 
saw mill, blacksmith shop. Ties 32 head of cattle. Electric lights. Will 
winter 40 head of cattle and pasture 25. Price, $4,000; cash, $2,000. 
Address H. P. Leland, Orleans. 

Craftsbury 

Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 35; woodland, 35; other acreage, 30; 
suitable for cultivation 5 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber 
$1,500. House, 24 x 16; L, 24 x 16; 9 rooms; in good repair. Fences 
in good condition. Will keep 15 cows, 2 horses. Running water. Or- 
chard of 2 different kinds of fruit. Fine sugar bush of 1,600 rock 
maples, level and smooth area. Farm is moist and is a great hay farm. 
Sugar tools are new. New DeLaval separator. Railroad station, Wolcott, 
QV2 miles, level road. Post Office, Craftsbury, 5 miles; 2% miles to two 
others. R. F. D. Also on Wolcott stage route. Owner is teacher and 
will sell soon. Price, including tools, $3,500; $1,000 to $1,500 cash, 
balance at 6 per cent. Address L. M. Darling, Canaan, Vermont. 

Greensboro 

Farm of 12 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 25; other acreage, 35; 
suitable for cultivation, 60. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$1,800. House 24x30; L, 20x24; 10 rooms; in very good repair. Horse 
barn connected to L, 24 x 30; in good repair. Two-story barn, 4 x 60, 
with cellar; in good repair. Silo, 100 tons. Fences in good condition. Farm 
will keep 16 cows, 3 horses. Running water at house and barn. Some grafted 
fruit. Sugar lot equipped with 15 00 new metal buckets and covers, 
evaporator, 4x16, two good gathering tubs, metal storage tank of 40 
barrels capacity. Good market for all early vegetables at good prices. 
Overlooks Caspian Lake, one-half mile distant. Fine location for cottages. 
R. R. stations. East Hardwick and Greensboro Bend, 5 miles. P. O., 
Greensboro, 3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $3,000; $1,000 
cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address J. E. Baird. 

Iras burg 

16 acre farm: pasture, 60; woodland, 50; other acreage, 50; 



106 Vermont Farms 



suitable for cultivation, 70. Estimated value of wood and timber, $2,000. 
House, 66 x 24, 8 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 40 x 82, new. Fences in 
good condition. 90 ton silo. Will keep 2 5 cows and 3 horses. Never fail- 
ing spring water. Orchard of 100 grafted native apples, also pear trees. 
Good sugar orchard. All right for 1600 trees. Made 3600 lbs. sugar in 
the spring of 1913. Railroad station, Orleans, 8 miles distant. R. F. D. 
and telephone. Will sell stock and tools with farm if desired. Price, 
$6,000; $3,000 cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address C. F. 
Webster, Irasburg, Vt. 

Westniore 

Cottage, 36x16, with porch 6 ft. wide, on three sides. Cottage lot. 
Barn, 16 x 18. A well built cottage and barn with basement under both. 
The house is boarded with good lumber and covered with two-ply Paroid 
roofing on sides and ends and painted two coats with lead and oil. The 
roof is shingled with good cedar shingles. Price, $800; $200 cash; bal- 
ance at 5 per cent, 

RUTLAND COUNTY 

Benson 

Farm of 274 acres, known as the Fred May farm; nearly 50 acres 
woodland, mostly covered with spruce and pine; good meadows and pas- 
tures. Buildings suiRcient for the place and in fair condition, with run- 
ning water to same. This farm will carry a large stock. It is located od 
main highway, not far from the village of Fair Haven, is more than ordi- 
narily level, is considered one of the best farms in town, and must be sold 
to settle an estate. Address Robert Morris, Adm., Fair Haven. 

Brandon 

Farm of 394 acres, with 170 acres in pasture, 124 acres in , woodland, 
100 acres suitable for cultivation; a considerable part of the pasture can be 
plowed. This farm lies back on the hills in a healthful section on good 
road and the buildings are in good repair. Estimated market value of 
wood and timber, $2000, on the stump. House, 30x40, with L, 20x30; 
number of rooms 11; house in good condition. Barn, 30 x 60, with cellar; 
another barn, 24 x 36, with lean-to for stable, 22 x 32 and 20 x 31; also 
horse barn, 20x30; hog pen, 18x20; shed, 20x30; granary, hen-house, 
silo, shop and ice house. Good fences. Spring water runs to house and 
barn. Will keep 5 cows, 6 horses and other stock. 10 young apple trees 
and as many more old ones; cherries and plums. The farm consists of 
good potato, grain and corn land. Maple sugar orchard in which 1000 
buckets may be set. Railroad station and post office, Brandon, 7 miles. 
R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $4500; $2,500 cash, with the balance at 5 
per cent. Address Willis V. Farr, Burlington, Vt. 

Lake Bonioseen 

Two houses with half acre of land; houses, 20 x 24, with L, 10 x 12, in 
good repair; 9 rooms. Water from driven well. Railroad station, Hyde- 
ville, 4 miles. Post office, Bonioseen, 1-16 of a mile. About 15 rods from 
trolley station. Telephone connections. Best cottage has lake front and 
electric lights; rents furnished for $15.00 per week. Price, $4,200; $2,000 
cash; balance at 5 per cent. Will divide property, one house, $2,500, one 
house, $1,700. Address H. M. Redtield. 

Castleton 

Village property. 7 room house, all modern improvements, bath, 
hot and cold water, furnace heat; hard-wood floors. Cistern and driven 
well. Grounds, 250 x 150 feet, with large field on one side. Price, $3,500. 
Address Mrs. Graydon W. Moore, Castleton, Vt. 



Rutland County Farms 107 

Chittenden 

Farm of 22 5 acres, with 125 acres in pasture, 5 acres in woodland, 
and 5 acres suitable for cultivation; estimated market value of wood 
and timber, $2,500. House, 24 x 26; L, 15 x 24; 12 rooms. Barn, 50 x 
100, with cellar. House and barn in best repair. A silo of 75 tons ca- 
pacity. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 2 5 cows and three horses. 
Plenty of good water. House is furnished with hot and cold water, water 
closet, bath tub and furnace. Cemented cellar in both house and barn. 
Orchard of 50 trees. Railroad station and post office, Rutland, 6 miles. 
R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $5,000; $2,500 cash; balance at 6 per cent. 

Fair Haven 

Farm of 113 acres: pasture, 43; woodland, 20; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 50. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $5 00. House, 2 5 
X 25, with L, 20 x 20; number of rooms, 11. House in good repair. Barns, 
50x30 and 26x36, with cellar; in good repair. Will keep 15 cows and 
3 horses. Water from well and cistern. Orchard of 7 5 trees; many kinds 
of apples; plum and pear trees; farm well adapted for fruit growing. 
Railroad station and post office, Fair Haven, 3 miles, also trolley station. 
R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $3,500; $1,500 cash, with balance at 5 
per cent. Address Willis J. Bartholomew. 

Fair Haven 

Farm of 356 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 56; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 200; estimated value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 30x30, 
with L, 20x30; number of rooms, 20; house in good repair. Barns, 100 
x 60, and 60 x 50, in good repair; also silo and other small buildings, barns 
have capacity of 142 tons. Fences in good condition. Farm will keep 75 
cows and 6 horses. Water from artesian well. Orchard of 2 5 trees. This 
farm was bought and repaired by a rich man who lived on it until he was 
too old to run it. It is considered one of the best stock farms in the com- 
munity and is favorably located for a milk route. It contains a slate vein 
partly developed. Railroad station and post office. Fair Haven, 1 mile; 
also electric railroad near by. Telephone connections. Price, $ 15,000 '; 
$3,000 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. Address Willis J. Bartholomew'. 

Hubbardton 

Farm of 10 acres: pasture, 4; woodland, 1; other acreage, 1; suitable 
for cultivation 4. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $100. 
House, 18 x 24, with L, 12 x 14, in fair condition; number of rooms, 7. 
Barn, 26 x 32, with cellar, in poorer condition. Fences in fair condition. 
Will keep one cow and one horse. Plenty of water. Orchard of 2 apple 
trees. Trout brook runs through pasture. Railroad station, Castleton, 
8 miles. Post office, Hubbardton, 1/4 mile. On telephone line. Price, $6 00;' 
$2 00 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. Address H. M. Redfield. 

Middletown Springs 

Farm of 35 acres; woodland 20; suitable for cultivation, 15; market 
value of wood and timber, $1,200. No house or barns. Fences in good 
condition. Orchard of 6 trees, with young trees suitable for grafting. 
Farm located on the automobile road between Rutland and Middletown 
Springs, directly on the summit or height of land; a beautiful view and an 
ideal spot for a summer residence. Railroad station, West Rutland, 8 
miles. Post office, Middletown Springs, 3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. 
Price, $700; $400 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. Address Richard e' 
Buxton, Box 98. 

Middletown Springs 

Farm of 420 acres: pasture, 150; meadow land, 100. Contains several 



108 Vermont Farms 



thousand sugar maples. Plenty of spring water. Will keep 4 or 50 
cows. Address James McMorrow. 

Middletown Springs 
Farm of 175 acres: pasture, 55; woodland, 55; other acreage, 5; suit- 
able for cultivation, 60. House, 30x40, with L, 18x24, in good repair; 
number of rooms, 10. Barn, 50x72, in good repair. Fences in fair con- 
dition. Will keep 15 cows and 3 horses. Excellent water supply. Pleniy 
of fruit and chance for more. Beautiful scenery and an excellent place 
for keeping summer boarders. Many summer people come to this section 
every year. Three railroad stations within a distance of 9 miles. Post 
office, Middletown Springs, 2 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Electric 
transmission line within 5 rods of the house. Price, $4,500; half in cash 
and balance at 5 per cent. Address A. W. Oilman. 

Proctor 

One and one-half acres good land. House, 26x22, with L, 18x18, 
House in best of condition, hard wood floors, hot and cola water, cellar 
with concrete floor under whole house. Horse barn, 20 x 30, with 4 stalls; 
hay barn, 20x30; hen house, carriage room, wagon shed and corn crib. 
Water in house and barn. Orchard of 14 apple trees, pear tree and pium 
tree. Railroad station and post office, Proctor % mile. Telephone con- 
nections. Price, $2,800; $1,800 cash; balance at 6 per cent. 

Rutland 

Farm of 241 acres: pasture, 80; woodland, 80; other acreage, 81; 
suitable for cultivation, 100. House, 40 x 30, with L, 40 x 28, in fair re- 
pair; 16 rooms. Shed, 24 x 12. Two barns, 36 x 28; o^ne barn, 40 x 30, and 
one 40 x 2 8, in fair repair. Water brought from brook by ram. About 40 
apple trees and a few plum and pear trees. Railroad station and post of- 
fice, 31/2 miles. R. F. D. route. Price, $5,000; $2,500 cash; balance at 5 
per cent. Stock and tools may be included at agreed price. Address 
Frank B. Fuller. 

Rutland 

A small farm of 11 acres suitable for cultivation. House, 25x22;L, 30 
X 20, in good repair; number of rooms, 10. Barn, 48x24, in good repair. 
Farm used for gardening, city water furnished. Orchard of 12 apple trees, 
also plum and cherry trees. Excellent soil, free from stones and in a very 
high state of cultivation. A large plot of alfalfa growing. Good oppor- 
tunities for poultry raising. Farm within city limits and streets laid out 
as far as this place. Railroad station and post office, Rutland, 1 1/4 miles. 
Telephone and city delivery of mail. Price on application. 61 Field Ave. 

Wallingford 

Farm of 17 5 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 20; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 5 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800, on the stump. 
There are between 200 and 3 00 sugar maples. House, 30x2 8, with L, 24 
X 24, also summer kitchen and wood shed connected with house, all in good 
repair; number of rooms, 10. Three barns, with cellar, in good repair, 
34x40; 30x40; 28x32. Will keep 3 cows and three horses. Water 
furnished by well, cistern and brook. A few young apple trees. Buildings 
are beautifully situated just outside the village limits on the banks of 
Otter Creek, which borders the farm for about 7 rods. Farm also borders 
highway for 8 rods. Elfln Lake is situated about 7 5 rods back from the 
house and is bordered for two-thirds of its circumference Dy this farm. 
Fine site for summer residences or summer cottages near the lake. A ma- 
chine worked field, free from stone. Spring watered pasture. Nearly a 
mile of woven wire fencing with locust posts. Wallingford is a thriving 
village 10 miles south of Rutland on the Rutland Railroad and 2 2 miles 



Rutland County Farms 109 



north of Manchester. Six-hour train service from New York. Wallingford 
has three churches, six stores, fine public library, new town hall, high 
school, large hotel, creamery, electric lights, water system and fire depart- 
ment. Railroad station and post office, Wallingford, V^ mile. TelephoDe 
and electric lights with village water within 40 rods. Price, $8,000. Ad- 
dress H. H. Waldo. 

East Wallingford 

A farm of 500 acres: pasture, 300; woodland, 100; suitable for cul- 
tivation, 100. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $4,000. House, 
26 X 47, with L, 19 x 27; 14 rooms, in very good repair. Barn, 36 x 100. 
with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Silo of 150 tons 
capacity. Will keep 7 5 cows, 8 horses. Good spring water at house and 
barn. Orchard of 2 5 trees. Railroad station and post office, East Wal- 
lingford, one mile. R. F. D. and telephone. This farm is a very good one, 
all in first class condition; excellent opportunity for a stock farm. Price, 
$16,000; $11,000 cash and balance at 5 per cent. Address Peter Pelkey. 

Wells 

One half acre of land with house 20x26, L, 12x18; 10 rooms. Barn, 
21 X 24 with cellar. This is a new house, downstairs finished in oak mis- 
sion; upstairs finished in pine, natural. Concrete foundation, and sleeping 
porch. Five minutes walk from Lake St. Catherine, near trout stream, 
fine shaded lawn. Complete bathroom, electric lights, hot air heater, and 
would make an ideal summer home. Barn fitted for either garage or sta- 
ble. Large garden. Railroad station, Granville, N. Y., 3 miles. Post 
office. Wells, 15 rods. Price, $3000 cash. Address Lester L. Hopson. 

WASHINGTON COUNTY 

Cabot 

Farm of 200 acres: pasture, 65; woodland, 60; suitable for cul- 
tivation, 7 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$2,500. House, 30x35 , with L, 20x40, in good repair; 
number of rooms 13, with five closets. Barn, 45 x 56, in 
good repair; barn cellar and silo 11 x 24; horse barn 24 x 56 connected with 
barn. Woodshed 24x28 connected with house. Will keep 2 5 cows and 
two horses. Farm cut 6 5 tons hay in 1912. A never failing well supplies 
water. Orchard of 5 trees, native fruit. Railroad station, Walden, 5 
miles; post office, Cabot, 2 1/^ miles. R. F. D. and on telephone line. 
Price, $3,500; $2,5 00 cash, wath balance at 5 per cent. Apply Will Adams. 

Marshfield 

Farm of 120 acres; pasture 70; suitable for cultivation 25 to 30. Es- 
timated market value of wood and timber $6j0. House 32x22 with L 
24x18 in excellent repair, 8 rooms. Barn 45x72 with cellar, in good 
repair. Fences in good condition. Silo of 5 tons capacity. Will keep 
15 to 18 cows and 3 horses. Never failing w^ater supply. Orchard of 6 5 
trees, including Mcintosh Reds, Fameuse, Spring, Pound Sweet, Duchess, 
Russets, Wolf River, Pippins, Andrew's Favorite, St. Lawrence, Talman 
Sweet, Red Astrachan, Ben Davis and other kinds. There is a splendid 
sugar orchard on the place, a good trout brook running the entire length 
of the farm, privately stocked, and a ten or twelve acre trout pond, private- 
ly stocked. The land is in good condition. Railroad station, Marshfield, 
1% miles; post office, Marshfield, % mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price 
of farm stock and tools on application. Address Ernest E. Tanner. 

East Montpelier 

A large stock farm of about 450 acres; suitable for cultivation 120; 
pastures well watered. A large quantity of hard and soft wood lumber. 



110 Vermont Farms 



including a cedar swamp with thousands of cedars suitable for posts. Ma- 
ple sugar orchard of 800 trees. Soil deep and rich and farm nearly level. 
Will carry 100 head of cattle and 6 horses. Produces 150 tons of hay and 
a large amount of other crops, from 1200 to 1500 bushels of grain are 
usually raised. Large silo and last year 30 acres of corn were raised. 
Modern 2 story house of 18 rooms. Barn 54 x 104, also horse barn, sheds 
and garage. One of the finest sets of farm buildings in this part of the 
state. Cottage convenient for hired help. Abundance of spring water in 
house and barn. Splendid trout brook on farm. Considered one of the 
best farms in Washington County, 4 miles to Montpelier and 5 miles to 
Barre. Is well adapted for a milk or stock farm. Price $24,000. Apply 
H. M. Farnham, Montpelier, Vt. 

East Montpelier 

Farm of 35 acres: pasture, 15; woodland, 10; suitable for cultivation, 
10. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $500. House, 36 x 26, 
in good repair; 6 rooms. Barn, 36 x23; hen house, 40x12. Fences in 
good condition. Orchard of 30 apple trees. There is an abundance of 
water on the place. It is only 3 miles from the State House and was pur- 
chased for gardening and the raising of poultry and swine, but on account 
of the poor health of the owner it is offered for sale. Railroad station and 
post office, Montpelier, 3 miles. Price, $1,400. Address A. E. Wallen, 
132 Main St., Montpelier. 

Montpelier 

For Sale. Splendidly located. Farm of 117 acres within the city limits, 
on level road, 1% miles from the Capitol Building of the State. Evenly 
divided, without stone or ledge in tilled land, all machine worked; 
about 3 5 acres level meadow capable of producing immense crops, salable 
in one of the best market towns in Vermont. 200 cords wood and some 
timber. 17 room house, all conveniences, furnace heat, set tubs, etc. 
Spring and city water. Large barn, slate roof, etc., and new cottage in 
woods adjoining city park. Buildings in good repair. Hay in barn and 
farming tools — no stock. A splendid home in a beautiful city, excellent 
markets, and within a few years a building lot proposition. All details 
price, etc., on application. C. A. Pitkin, Montpelier, Vt. 

Northfield 

Farm of 4 00 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 300; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 40. House, 24 x28, in fair condition; number of rooms, 7. Barn, 40 
x 3 0, in fair condition. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 
horses. Spring water on the place. Several fruit trees on the farm. 
Railroad station, Roxbury, 4 1/^ miles, post office, Northfield, 7 miles. On 
R. F. D. route. Price, $2,000; $1,000 cash, with balance at 6 per cent. 
Address E. Barton Whitney. 

Northfield 

A timber lot of 160 acres which can be reached at any season of the 
year, 3 1/4 miles from railroad station with no hills to climb. Contains a 
lot of spruce and hard wood timber. A sugar orchard of 800 trees which 
can be doubled in number in a short time. 

Also a residence in village, 5 minutes walk from station. 11 room 
house, with hot water heat and hard wood floors, all new. Barn for 6 
cows and 7 horses. 7 acres of land. A fine orchard and all kinds of small 
fruit. This place is well adapted to the keeping of summer boarders. 
House can be arranged for two families. Address F. A. Joslyn. 

Roxbury 

Farm of 7 5 acres: pasture and woodland, 45; suitable for cultivation. 



Washington County Farms 111 

30. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 20 x 30, 
with L, 12x20, in good repair, 5 rooms. Barn, 30x40. Fences in good 
condition. Will keep 7 cows and 2 horses. Running water In house and 
barn. Orchard of 2 5 trees of various kinds. This is excellent hay land. 
The place contains 1000 sugar maples, also butternut and walnut trees. 
Railroad station and post office, Roxbury, l^ mile. Price, $1,000. Address 
F. H. Merrill. 

Waitsfield 

Farm of 100 acres; pasture, 50; woodland, 20; other acreage, 30; 
suitable for cultivation, 5 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$1,500 to $2,000. House, 25x60, 11 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 30 x 
40. Horse barn, 25 x 38, in fair repair. Fences in good condition. Silo 
of 3 tons capacity. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses. Orchards of 90 apple 
trees, 2 pears, several plums. A sugar orchard of 600 trees, a fine one 
very handy by. Apple orchard one of the best and produces 100 barrels 
per year of standard fruit. One of the best watered farms in this county, 
5 never failing springs and a good trout brook, has been stocked with 
26,000 trout. Mowings are level and smooth. 75 rods to a first class 
school and about the same to four neighbors. Will pasture from 20 to 2 5 
cows and is being sold on account of old age, the present owner being 80 
years old and having owned and lived on the farm for 50 years. It is two 
miles to Waitsfield village. Skimming station 7 5 rods from barn, where 
either milk or cream is taken. Railroad station, Middlesex, 12 miles. 
Post office, Waitsfield, 2 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $14 00; 
$600 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address J. H. Neill. 

Waterbury 

Farm of 100 acres: forty acres in pasture; woodland, 15; -.suitable 
for cultivation, 45. House, 40 x36, in good repair, 9 rooms. Horse barn, 
32 X 52, with cellar. Hay barn, 30 x 40. Cow stable, 100 x 15. Piggery, 
24 X 40. Fences in good condition. Silo with 40 tons capacity. Will keep 
35 cows and 4 horses. There is an ample supply of running water from 
three different springs. A maple orchard of about 4 00 trees is an im- 
portant feature of the property and the place is equipped with sugar mak- 
ing utensils. This farm is beautifully situated on what is known as Blush 
hill, overlooking the village of Waterbury. It would make an ideal loca- 
tion for a summer home for a family or for a club. Owing to the abundance 
of pure spring water a fish pond could be established easily. The con- 
tour of the land is such that very fine golf links could be laid out without 
difficulty. The distance to the railroad station in Waterbury is only 1 y^ 
miles and the place has the benefit of an R. F. D. route and telephone con- 
nections. Waterbury is on the main line of the Central Vermont Railway, 
3 hours ride from Montreal, 7 from Boston and 9 hours ride from New York. 
Waterbury has a population of about 3300, a fine water system, an adequate 
sewer system, good streets, 10 miles of concrete walks, excellent church 
and school facilities, and one of the best hotels in the state. Price of 
farm, $10,000; $3,000 cash with balance at 5 per cent. Address H. C. 
Whitehill, Waterbury. 

WINDHAM COUNTY 

West Duminerstoii 

Farm of 70 acres: pasture, 35; woodland, 15; 6 miles from Brattle- 
boro. Estimated market value of wood and timber, wood $8.00 per cord, 
logs $15.00 per thousand. 1% story house, with L in good repair, 7 
rooms. Barn, 30x40, in good repair. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses. 
Running water. Orchard of Baldwins and Greenings. This farm is in 
good state of cultivation, cuts all No. 1 hay, nice sugar lot, house and tools. 
Blacksmith shop, large hen house and yard. Railroad station, West Dum~ 



112 Vermont Farms 



merston, % mile; post office, West Dummerston, % mile. R. F. D. and 
telephone. Price,$ 1,700; $8 50 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Mrs. E. J. 
Wilkins. 

Guilford 

Three-fourths of an acre of good land. House, 30x36, in fairly good 
repair. Barn, 14x20, in fair condition. Water obtained from well. This 
place is situated in a small village with church, school, post office, and 
store within 5 minutes walk. Railroad station, Brattleboro, 10 miles. 
Post office. Green River. Price $300. Address Mrs. A. E. Thomas, 1 
Pleasant St., Brattleboro, Vt. 

Jamaica 

Farm of 32 5 acres: 12 7 acres suitable for cultivation, balance pasture 
and woodland with a nice lot of growing pine estimated now at 100,000 
feet; also a large sugar orchard, a new sugar house equipped with a new 
evaporator and 14 00 new galvanized buckets. Large 10 room house. Two 
barns, 30x40, with shed, 18x30, attached to one and lean-to, 18x30 at- 
tached to the other. Running water at house and barn. This farm is lo- 
cated 2 1/4 miles from railroad station, post office, creamery, church and 
schools. Price, $10 per acre, part cash, balance on easy terms. Address 
R. I. Holbrook, Townshend, Vt. 

Londonderry 

Farm of 300 acres; pasture, 12 5; woodland, 12 5; other acreage, 50; 
suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$3,000 to $3,500. House, 40 x 26, with L, 48 x 19, in good repair. 9 rooms 
on ground floor. Barn, 40 x 50, with cellar. Fences in good condition. 
Will keep 10 to 15 cows and 3 horses. Never failing supply of running 
water. Orchard of 150 trees, including Baldwins, Greenings, Maidens 
Blush, Blue Pearmains, Red Astrachans, Strawberry and Snow apples and 
other varieties. This farm lies in a valley, has a sugar orchard of 450 
trees, the barn is new, and both house and barn are slated. There is a 
driveway into the gable end of the barn so that ail the hay can be pitched 
down without the need of a horse fork. There is a nice yard, also fine 
shade trees in front of the house. The place is situated on the Manches^- 
chester stage route. Railroad station. South Londonderry, 4 ^4 miles. 
Post office, Londonderry, 1 1/4 miles. Telephone and mall delivered by 
stage. Price, $4,000; $3,000 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. This price 
does not include the sugar tools. All tools and stock may be had at reas- 
onable prices. 

Newfane 

Farm of 6 1/^ acres: pasture, 1; woodland, 1; suitable for cultivation, 
4 V2 . Will keep one cow and one horse. Supply of brook and spring water. 
A few apples are just beginning to bear. This place is suitable for a sum- 
mer residence, for a poultry farm or for the raising of strawberries and 
small fruits. It is also adapted to orchard purposes. It is located on the 
main road. No house or barn. Railroad station and post office, Newfane, 
% mile. Price, $250; $100 cash and balance at 5 per cent. Address H. 
A. Carpenter. 

Newfane 

Farm of 110 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 25, suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,500. House 
of nine rooms, in good repair. Barn, 4 x 8 0, with cellar, also large silo. 
Fences in good condition. Will keep 2 5 cows and three horses. Supply of 
spring water. Large orchard of early and winter apples. This is con- 
sidered one of the best farms in Newfane and is situated near the county 
buildings. There are a large number of sugar maples on the place, a good 



Windham County Farms 113 



sugar house and 700 buckets. This place is 10 miles from Brattleboro by 
vail. Railroad station and post office, 1 Yz miles. Telephone connection. 
Price, $4,000; $2,000 cash with balance at 5 per cent. Apply J. H. Ware, 
Townshend. 

Newfane 

Farm of 140 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 70; suitable for cultivation, 
30. House, 24 x 34, with 9 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 38x48, with cel- 
lar. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Run- 
ning water. Apple orchard, also pears and grapes. Sugar orchard of 35 
trees. Timber recently cut over, but many small trees are left. Farm is 
situated on the main road. Railroad station and post office, Newfane, 1 % 
miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2, 200. Will sell crops and tools 
at reasonable price. Address A. L. Lockwood. 

Putney 

Fair View Farm of 200 acres: pasture, and woodland, 140; suitable 
for cultivation, 6 0. It is estimated that there are 2,000 cords of hard 
wood, spruce, pine and hemlock on the place. House, 3G x 4 0, with L, 
14 X 40, in good repair, but house needs painting. Number of rooms, 20, in- 
cluding 4 halls and two attics. Barns in good repair, one 30 x 50, with 
cellar stable, one 30 x 40; storage barn, 28 x 36. Fences in good condition. 
Will keep 2 cattle and 4 horses. Running water in house and barn. Or- 
chard of 5 apple trees, 6 pear, 6 plum, 6 cherry and 12 peach trees. Rail- 
road station, 4 miles. Post office, Putney, 3 miles. Free mail delivery 
and telephone lines short distance away. The land slopes to the east, there 
are two lots adapted to peach or other orchard purposes or small fruits; 
also two other lots best adapted to grass, although grain can be successfully 
raised. The farm cuts from 40 to 5 tons of hay but this amount can 
easily doubled. There are 30 acres in one meadow. Price, $5,000. Apply 
to Miss Edith Holton. 

Saxtoiis Kiver 

Farm of 150 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 50; suitable for cultiva- 
tion, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $100. House, 24 
x 24, with L, 24 x 18, in good repair, 8 rooms. Barn, 56 x30, with cellar, 
in good repair. Fences in fair condition. Silo with capacity of 70 tons. 
Will keep 3 to 35 cattle and 2 horses. Running water to barn. Orchard 
with fruit enough for home use. This place is situated on a good road 
leading from Saxtons River to Westminster West. It is just outside the 
village and within % mile of Vermont Academy. The land is easily cul- 
tivated. A good sized brook runs through the farm. There are two other 
barns besides those mentioned, also slaughter house. Railroad station. 
Bellows Falls, 5 miles. Post office, Saxtons River, Vz mile. R. F. D. and 
telephone. Price, $4,500; part cash, balance at 5 per cent. Apply W. W. 
Barry. 

Townshend 

Farm of 2 50 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 100; other acreage, 25; 
suitable for cultivation, 7 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$1,000. House, 30x60, with L, 18x24, 13 rooms, in fair repair. Barn, 
48 X 36, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Silo, 12 
x 30. Will keep 15 cows and 3 horses. Water at house and barn. There 
is an orchard of 100 pear and apple trees. A nice level sugar orchard on 
this farm can set 1,500 buckets, a set of good sugar tools for 700 trees 
goes with the farm and other farming tools all in good condition, and some 
stock. One can drive all over this farm. It would be a good place for 
summer boarders or a stock farm. Railroad station and post office, New- 
fane, 5 miles. Telephone and will soon have R. F. D. Price$2,000; 
$1,000 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address E. E. Phillips. 



114 Vermont Farms 



Townshend 

Farm of 160 acres: woodland, 130; suitable for cultivation, 30. Es- 
timated market value of wood and timber, $3,000. House, 30 x 50, with L, 
25x40, 11 rooms. Barn, 40x60, with cellar. Fences in good condition. 
Silo, 30 tons capacity. Will keep 6 cows and 2 horses. Spring water. 
This farm has an orchard of 5 grafted apple trees, 6 plums, 4 pears. 30 
acres is free from rock and stone. Level and machine worked sugar or- 
chard of 300 trees. All the house furnishings of the very best kind, 4 
chamber sets, 2 parlor sets, dining set, kitchen utensils and range, every- 
thing complete. Railroad station and post office, 2 miles. Price, $4,000; 
$3,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address H. A. McCullock, Box 24. 

Townshend 

Farm of 2 05 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 105; suitable for culti- 
vation, 5 0. Other acreage 50. Estimated market value of wood and 
timber, $1,000. Barn, 12 x 20, in fair repair. Fences in fair condition. 
Will keep 10 or 12 cows and 2 horses. Water from spring and brook. 
Orchard of 5 or more trees, part of them grafts, including Mcintosh and 
Baldwin apples; also a few cherry trees, grapes, etc. There is an old 
sugar orchard on the place. The woodland includes a lot of growing 
spruce, poplar, birch and maple, easy to cut and draw off. The meadow is 
nearly all level. This is a good apple region, and good views are afforded. 
Railroad station and post office, Townshend, 3 V2 miles. The farm is on an 
R. F. D. route and there is an opportunity to have a telephone. Price 
$900; $600 cash with balance at 5 per cent, $100 payable each year. 
Apply D. S. Brownell, Springfield, Vt. 

Townshend 

Farm of 90 acres; pasture 40; woodland 30; suitable for cultivation 3 0. 
Estimated market value of wood and timber $600. House 12 x 24, not 
habitable, 4 rooms. Barn 20x30 in poor condition. Fences in fair con- 
dition. Will keep one cow and one horse. Water from well, brook or 
spring. Orchard of about a dozen apple trees. This place is off the main 
highway, from Grafton to Townshend. Tlie land is fairly level and timber 
may be got off easily. This is a timber proposition. All the land is coming 
up to spruce and pine and if not worked will be covered with forest growth 
in ten years. Railroad station and post office, Townshend, 4 miles. West 
Townshend is also available as a railroad station. R. F. D. route and tele- 
phone line, % mile distant. Price $800; $400 cash, with balance at 5 per 
cent; payable $100 per year. Address D. S. Brownell, Springfield, Vt. 

Vernon 

One half acre of land, and house of 22 rooms in good repair. Barn 
with accomodations for 10 horses, with cellar. Water furnished by a driven 
well. This place is situated on a State road, and is about V4, miles from 
the Connecticut river power station. The dam sets the river back, mak- 
ing a lake 15 miles long which is used by motor boats. Hunting and 
fishing in season. The house is 2 1/^ stories high with large piazzas; 
is steam heated and newly painted, and contains a large dance hall. There 
are beautiful shade trees about the house and the buildings are slated. 
Railroad station and Post Office are only a few rods distant. The house 
is on a telephone line. Price, $5,000; $1,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. 
Address A. G. Barnes, Vernon. 

Wardsboro 

Farm of 90 acres: pasture, 33; woodland, 35; suitable for cultivation, 
20. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $700. House, 36 x 36, 
with L, 22x20, in fair repair, 12 rooms. Barn, 40x30, in fair repair. 
Fences in good condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Runing water 



Windham County Farms 1]5 



on the place. Orchard of 145 apple trees, with a few pear and cherry 
trees. This place is 1 mile from West river on southern slope with a good 
view and the soil is rich. There is a large sugar lot, with sugar house and 
sugar tools for making maple sugar. The buildings include 2 hen houses, 
a carriage house, corn barn and tool house. Railroad station, Wardsboro, 
11/4 miles. Post office. East Jamaica, 1 1^ miles. Price, $1,700. Apply F. 
H. Leonard. 

West Wardsboro 

Farm of 14 acres: pasture, 4; other acreage, 2; suitable for culti- 
vation, 8. House, 30x40, 8 rooms in good repair. Barn, 2 x 30, with 
cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. This farm has an or- 
chard of 40 apple trees, 8 plum and 4 pear trees. Railroad station, 
Wardsboro, 8 miles. P. O., West Wardsboro, 2 1/^ miles. Price, 
$400 cash. Apply to L. G. Stocker. 

West Wardsboro 

A farm of 31 acres: woodland, 27; suitable for cultivation, 4. Es- 
timated market value of wood and timber, $450. Large ly^. story house 
with L contains 13 rooms, in fine repair. Barn, 24x36, with cellar, in 
good repair. Silo with 2 tons capacity. Will keep 1 cow. Excellent 
water. Orchard of 6 grafted trees. House painted white, double piazza, 
pleasant location. Automobile stage 3 times daily in summer. Near 
church, store, postoffice, etc. This must be sold and is a bargain. 
Railroad station, Wardsboro, 9 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, 
$1,200 cash. Address J. C. Tibbetts, Newfane, Vermont. 

Westminster Station 

Farm of 10 acres all of which is suitable for cultivation. House, 
28x38, with L. 16x24; very nice throughout; 8 rooms. Barn, 34x48, 
with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. W^ill keep 4 cows, 
and 2 horses. Spring water in house and barn. A few apple, pear and 
plum trees and currant bushes. This place is well located on the main high- 
way, near stores and canning factory and only 1 mile distant from 
Walpole, N. H., and 3 1/2 miles from Bellows Falls. The land is easily 
tilled, there are no stone, and all of it can be cultivated. The build- 
ings are in excellent condition, painted and slated, and provided with 
blinds. .Maple trees furnish good shade. Railroad station and post office, 
Westminster, only 25 rods distance. Price, $2,500; cash, $1,250, with bal- 
ance at 5 per cent. Address F. H. Atwood. 

Westminster Station 

Farm of 4 acres, all suitable for cultivation. House, 2 2 x 2 8, with L, 
12x15, in extra good repair; house 1 1/4 stories high with 8 rooms. Barn, 
32 X 32, almost new and connected to house. Fences in good condition. 
Will keep 1 cow and 1 horse. Very good water supply. Tnere are a few 
apple, pear and plum trees, and currant bushes on the place. A con- 
fectionery and tobacco store and the post office are located in front part 
of the house. This is considered a good trade location and the income 
pays 20 per cent of the asking price. Railroad station 12 feet distant, 
and Westminster Station postoffice is located in the house. Price, $3 000 
for quick sale; $1,500 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. Address 
F. H. Atwood. 

AVestminster 

Farm of 90 to 100 acres: pasture, 50; under cultivation, 4 6 acres, 
free from stone, and 2 more suitable for cultivation, but now in pasture. 
There are 100 sugar maples on the farm. Double house, 30 x 40, with 
L, 25x30, in good repair; number of rooms, 14. Each tenement rents 
for $10 per month. Barn, 20x30 and another 38x75, with cellar in 



116 Vermont Farms 



good repair. Pasture fences in good condition. Large silo and hay to 
sell. Will keep 25 cows and 3 horses. Water from spring and well. 
Orchard of 15 apple trees and a few plum and pear trees. This farm 
is in the Connecticut valley tobacco belt, good location and soil for gard- 
ening and good market. Corn cannery near which pays $17 per ton for 
sweet corn. There are many good building lots on the farm for which 
there is a demand. If timber is desired the owner has 2 good timber lots 
nearby that he would sell with the farm or separately. Railroad station 
5 rods distant across the highway. Post office on corner of farm. Price 
low, $3,000 cash and balance at 5 per cent. Address Willis V. Farr, 

Vernon. 

Wilmington 

A summer home with 3 acres of land on Deerfield river bank, partly 
wooded; fine maple shade trees, good soil. 6 room convenient house, 
modernized. Railroad station and postoffice, Wilmington, 1 mile over 
level, good road; also a good barn and carriage house. Good high school 
and mail delivered. Price and terms right for quick buyer. Address 

C. B. Tuthill. 

Wilmington 

Farm of about 85 acres, with house, 23 x 44 and L, 16x22, 7 rooms 
in good repair. Barn, 25x45, and one 25x28, in good repair. Fences 
in good condition. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses. Running 
water. This farm has an orchard of about 17 5 apple trees divided in 
Baldwins, Greenings, and Sweets. Hen house, 10x16; 1 tine cow, 2 
two year old heifers, 1 heifer calf, 3 I/2 months old, 12 Rhode Island Red 
hens, new sugar house and all equipments, can set 100 buckets, over 
700 buckets now on hand. A wood-lot of spruce, hemlock, birch and 
beech timber. All small farming tools, 2 mowing machines, wagon, car- 
riage, sleigh etc. 10 cords of wood ready for the market; about 10 tons 
of fine hay in the barn. This place would make a fine summer home, 
as it commands a splendid view of the mountains. All the land slopes 
to the south. Railroad station, Wilmington, 3V2 miles; post office, Wilming- 
ton, 3 miles; R. F. D. and telephones about a mile from house. Price, 
$3,000. Address C. O. Wentworth. 

Windham 

Farm of 10 acres. This piece of land is situated on main road, and 
at one time buildings stood on it. It is well adapted for bungalows or 
a house for summer people, high land, beautiful view. Railroad station. 
West Townshend, 5 miles; postoffice, Windham, 1^/4 miles. R. F. D. and 
telephone line. Price, $2 00. Address M. H. Ingalls. 

South Windham, 

Farm of about 12 5 acres: 35 acres tillage, balance wood and pasture 
land. There is a quantity of young growing timber on the place. This 
farm has wintered the past season 6 cows, 5 head of young cattle and 
3 horses. Barn, 30 x 4 0, with shed attached, wagon shed, ice house, 
and swill house. Blacksmith shop 12 x 55; hen house. A few young 
fruit trees. Can set 600 buckets in sugar orchard. 7 room house in good 
repair. Never failing well water. Railroad station 3 miles. Postoffice, 
church, store and school 1-3 mile. Telephone connection. Will sell with 
or without stock. Address W. L. Tenney. 

WINDSOR COUNTY 

Andover 

Two farms in one with good set of buildings on each. 275 acres; 
185 woodland, and suitable for cultivation, 90. Estimated market val- 



"Windsor County Farms 117 

ue of wood and timber, (standing) $2,500. House, 24x28, with L, 20 x 
30; 7 rooms. Another house, 2 8 x 3 2, with L, 2 x 56; 6 rooms; both in 
good repair. Barns, 20x30; 30 x 56; and two 30 x 40, in good repair, 
licences mostly wire in good condition. Farm will cut 80 to 100 tons. 
Will keep 23 cows and 2 horses. Spring water. Sale will include 11 heifers, 
coming 3, 8 calves, 1 yoke of oxen, yearling bull. An orchard of all 
kinds of apples, 8 kinds of pears, 3 kinds of plums. We sell from 4 to 
5 barrels of graft apples every year. This is a beautiful location for 
a summer home or for the taking of city boarders. The location is very 
healthful and the scenery fine. We want to sell on account of old age 
and as soon as possible. Railroad station, Chester, or South London- 
derry either 9 miles. Post office, Chester, 8 miles. R. F. D. and tele- 
phone. Price, $5,000 cash. Address James O. Sawyer, R. F. D. 2, Chester, 
Vermont. 

Bethel 

A small farm of 6 5 acres, divided into woodland, tillage and pasture. 
Very nice lawn. Comfortable 1 Vo story house. Located on well-traveled 
road, R. F. D. and telephone lines pass the house. One mile from the 
growing town of Bethel, which is on the Central Vermont railway. Ad- 
dress A. W. Perkins. 

Bridgewater 

Five hundred acres timber land, about two-thirds of it covered with 
second growth spruce large enough for timber or pulp, and the rest of it 
with old and second growth hard wood. All easy of access, roads running 
through it, an excellent place for a mill. House, 20x30, 2 rooms, nearly 
new. Spring water. Railroad station, Woodstock, 8 miles. Post office, 
Bridgewater, 2 ^/^ miles. Price, $25 per acre. Address B. F. Weeden. 

Bridgewater 

Farm of 4 acres: pasture, 25; suitable for cultivation, 15. House, 
20x30 with 7 rooms and basement, in good repair. Barn, 30x40 with 
cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 4 cows and 
2 horses. Spring water. Orchard of 5 apple trees, 3 pear trees, 1 
plum tree and 1 grape vine. This place is situated on a hill overlook- 
ing the valley of the Ottaquechee river. It would make an ideal sum- 
mer home or poultry farm; electric lights if desired; running water at 
house and barn. A woolen mill which employs about 150 hands is sit- 
uated 1/^ mile from the farm. Railroad station, Woodstock, 6 miles; 
postofl5.ce, Bridgewater, i/o mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $1,500; 
$9 00 cash, balance at 6 per cent. Address E. C. Solger. 

Bridgewater 

One half acre of land suitable for cultivation, with house, 20x30; 
L, 18x25, 11 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 30x40, with cellar, in good 
repair. Fences in good condition. Good water. This is village property 
consisting of house, barn, 2 sheds and store well stocked, and doing from 
$20,000 to $25,000 business per year. Woolen mill here employs 125 
hands. Poor health is the reason for selling. Railroad station, Wood- 
stock, 6 miles; postoffice, Bridgewater, 4 rods; has telephone. Price, 
$8,000; $4,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address E. A. Davis. 

Cavendish 

Farm of 91 acres: pasture, 40; woodland, 20; suitable for cultivation, 
31. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 2 story 
brick, 26x36 with fine cellar. L, 16x36, 9 rooms besides closets, in 
fine repair. Two barns, 30x40 each, one in fine repair. Fences in good 
condition. Will keep 10 cows, 3 horses. Running spring water. An orchard 
of 7 5 apple trees, 1 fine pear, 2 cherries, blackberries and strawberries. 



118 Vermont Farms 



Land lies nearly level, practically all machine mowed. Fine trout fish- 
ing. Maple sugar orchard of 4 50 trees, on good road. Horse barn, 20 x 
34; v/agon house, 20x38; hen house, 16x26; hog house, 14x26, with 
arch and kettle, all in very good repair. One-half mile to school, near 
good neighbors. Railroad station and postoffice. Cavendish, 2 1/4 miles. 
R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2,700; $1,500 cash, balance at 5 per cent. 

Address John D. Dix. 

Cavendish 

Farm of 150 acres: pasture and woodland, 110; tillage and mowing, 
40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1000. (Estimated 
1,000 cords wood and 100,000 feet timber.) House, 24x34, with L, 
20 X 40 (consisting of milk room, woodshed and work shop) 9 rooms, needs 
some repair. Barn, 40x60 with cellar, in fair repair. Fences in fair 
condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Spring and well water. An 
orchard of 7 5 apple trees, 3 pear trees and several grape vines. House 
insured for $400; barn insured for $300. One-fourth mile to school. 
Farm can easily be made to carry 15 cows and team. Railroad sta- 
tion, 51/2 miles; postoffice, Felchville, 2 miles; R. F. D. Price, $1,500; 
$500 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address G. W. VanCor, Felchville, Vt. 

) Chester 

Farm of 165 acres: pasture, 50; other acreage, 65; suitable for culti- 
vation, 5 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber,$7 00. House, 
26x36 with L, 20x36; 6 rooms down stairs and 5 up stairs, in good 
repair. A cow barn, 30x40; and horse barn, 20x40; in good repair^ 
Fences in good condition. Will keep 12 to 15 cows. A good supply of 
water. An orchard of 4 to 5 apple trees, consisting of Baldwins, Green- 
ings, and common fruit. A piazza 6 feet long on one siae of the house. 
Also store and wagon house, 20x60 nearly new. Railroad station, and 
postoffice, Chester, 3 miles; R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $1,900; $900 
cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address H. A. Barton. 

Chester 

Farm of about 100 acres: woodland, 60; suitable for cultivation, 40. 
Enough wood and timber for home use. New house, 2 4 x 26 with L, 
12 X 14; 7 rooms, in good repair. New barn, 32 x36, with cellar, in good 
repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 8 to 10 cows. Good 
water supply. An apple orchard of a good many young Baldwins, Spies, 
Greenings — 5 trees or so. There is a nice bay window, also a 26 foor 
piazza on one side of the house. Railroad station and post office, Chester, 
31/^ miles; R. F. D. and telephone. Situated on stage road. Price, 
$1,400; $700 cash, balance at 6 per cent. Address H. A. Barton. 

Chester 

Farm of 34 acres woodland, 20; other acreage, 2; suitable for culti- 
vation, 12. Modern 2 story house, 41x23, with L, 44x18; 10 rooms 
with pantry, workshop, laundry and storeroom, in fair condition. The 
house has two bay windows and two piazzas. Barn, 30x27V^, not in 
repair. Fences in medium condition. Will keep 1 cow and 1 horse. 
City water, well and spring on hill. An apple orchard of 2 Hub. None- 
such, 2 Sweets, Talman and fall, 2 Astrachans, 1 Porter, 2 Pippins, 2 
late fall fruit and 1 pear tree. This farm is situated on high ground in 
the village corporation, in reach of electric lights. Fruit trees are scat- 
tering, have named only half, all are good fruit. Under cultivation farm 
would keep 2 cows and horse. A good wood lot, from 3 to 40 years 
growth. House has parlor, sitting room, dining room, bedroom, large 
pantry, kitchen in ell, 5 chambers on ground floor, 3 chimneys, fireplace, 
cellar well aired. Railroad station 1 % miles and postoffice, Chester, 1 



Windsor County Farms 119 



mile; R. F. D. and on telephone line. Price, $3,500. Address, G. L. H., 
Box 2 84, Chester, Vermont. 

Chester Depot 

A farm of 4 acres: this piece of pasture land contains an excellent 
site for a summer hotel, line outlook, good drainage, easy access, good 
roads and drives in every direction. About equally distant from Spring- 
field, Proctorsville, Cavendish and Chester. Adjacent to land on which 
are situated the Chester chalybeate springs, known for their medicinal 
qualities, for more than a century. Railroad station, Gassetts, 2 miles; 
postoffice, Chester Depot, 6 miles; R, F. D. For price and further infor- 
mation address Mrs. M. A. Chandler, R. F. D. 2, Chester Depot, Vermont. 

Cliester Depot 

Farm of 4 6 acres: pasture, 10; woodland, 20; suitable for cultivation, 
16. Estimated market value of wood and timber, on stump, $400. House, 
36x20, with L, 24x18; 5 rooms in good repair. Barn, 30x24, with 
cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will is.eep 4 cows and 

2 horses. Running water. Apple orchard of 100 trees, consists of 3 
Baldwins, 2 Russets, 1 Bell Flower, 2 Orange Sweets, 2 sweet trees, 
names unknown, 1 Pearmain, 1 Vermont Beauty, 1 Porter, 2 crab apples, 
the rest are native fruits, winter varieties, a good share of them sweet, 
a few small plum trees and 2 grape vines. Railroad station, Gassetts, 

3 miles; post oiRce Gassetts, 3 miles; R. F. D. Price $700; $300 cash, 
balance at 5 per cent. Address A. D. Bradish, R. F. D. 3, Chester Depot. 

Chester Depot 

Farm 234 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 134. Estimated market 
value of wood and timber, $10,000. These timber lots are timbered with 
spruce, hemlock, red oak, pine, balsam, and a small per cent of hard 
wood, it is estimated to cut 1,000,000 feet of lumber. These lots are sit- 
uated on a good road and can be cut off summer or winter with a portable 
mill — the timber is large enough to cut off any time. Come and see them 
and be convinced. Railroad station and postoffice, Chester Depot, 2 V2 miles. 
Price $10,000. Address Chas. F. Howe. 

Qiiechee 

Farm of 2 acres all of which is suitable for cultivation. House, 
30x40, in good repair, 9 rooms. This is an old-fashioned colonial house 
with 5 fire places and brick oven in good condition. There is a very good 
cellar under the whole house. Barn, 30x48, with cellar in good repair. 
Fences in good condition. Will keep 3 cows and 2 horses. Supplied with 
spring water. Orchard includes Spies, Baldwins, Fameuse, August 
Sweets, Astrachans, pear and cherry trees and other fruit. TTiere are 

2 5 butternut trees on the place. This place would make a fine summer 
residence. The scenery is very attractive and the celebrated Quechee 
Gulf is only ^/^ mile distant. Railroad station and postoffice, Quechee 
y2 mile. Price, $1,2 50; half in cash and balance at 5 per cent. Apply 
Elmer W. Weeden. 

Hartford 

Farm of 180 acres: pasture and woodland, 110; suitable for cul- 
tivation, 70. House, 32x42, with L, 24x38, in good repair; 16 rooms. 

3 barns with cellar, in good repair. Fences in fair condition. 2 silos, 
with a capacity of 100 tons. Will keep 2 cows and 5 horses. Water 
supply from never failing springs. Orchard of 600 apple trees, 6 pear 
trees, also plums and cherry. Railroad station and postoffice, Quechee, 
1% miles; telephone line passes through here. Price right for cash. 
Address H. A. Henderson. 



120 Vermont Farms 



West Hartford 

Farm of 40 acres, on the main road, 10 miles from White River 
Junction, and 3 miles from West Hartford. The house contains 2 rooms 
and is beautifully furnished. It was built 2 4 years ago. The large barn 
containing all conveniences, is furnished in hard pine and was built 2 3 
years ago. The property cost $2 5,000 and is offered for sale for $5,000. 
Address A. P. Reynolds, Box 113. 

Hartland 

Farm of 7 5 acres: pasture, 35; woodland, 10; suitable for cultivation, 
30. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 24 x 32, 
with L, 18x30, nearly new, 14 rooms. Cow barn, 28x70; with shed 
attached, and cellar under the whole. New horse barn, 24x30. Fences 
in good condition. Silo, 12x22 with capacity of 3 5 tons. Will keep 2 
cows and 2 horses. Never failing supply of water at house and barn. 
Orchard of 4 00 trees, 2 00 in bearing, including Northern Spies and other 
varieties; also grapes and pears in abundance. The farm is in first class 
condition. There is a sugar orchard of 1000 trees and 12 buckets may 
be hung. Railroad station, Hartland or Woodstock, 5 miles; postoffice, 
Woodstock, 5 miles; school Vz mile. R. P. D. and telephone. Price, 
$3,600. $1,800 cash, with the balance at 5 per cent. Apply George D. 
Bagley, R. F. D. 2, Woodstock. 

Hartland 

Farm of 16 acres: pasture, 3; woodland, 6; suitable for cultivation, 
7. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2 00. House, 26 x 30, 
with L, 20x30, a one story house painted and in good repair; 7 
rooms. Barn, 24 x 36, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condi- 
tion. Will keep 2 cows and 1 horse. Water at barn. Orchard of about 
one dozen trees. Snows and Spies. The farm is on a good traveled road 
from Hartland to Woodstock, nearly all the land is level, and the farm 
is in a good state of cultivation. Railroad station, Hartland, 3^/2 miles; 
postofRce, Hartland Four Corners, 1 % miles, where church and stores 
are located; school, V4. mile; R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $1,800; $900 
cash with balance at 5 per cent. Address George D. Bagley, R. F. D. 2, 
Woodstock. 

Ludlow (South Hill) 

Farm of 140 acres: pasture, 85; woodland, 15; suitable for culti- 
vation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $600. House, 
25x32, with L, 18x30, in good repair; 9 rooms. There are 2 large 
pantries and 6 sleeping rooms. Barn, 40 x 70, with cellar, in good repair; 
other buildings include wagon shed, workshop, corn house, and sugar 
house. Over 300 buckets can be put out. The buildings are very con- 
venient. Fences in good condition. Silo with 100 tons capacity. Will 
keep 2 5 cows and 2 horses. A never failing spring supplies water to 
house and barn. Orchard of more than 100 trees; 30 Northern Spies, 
the rest Red Astrachan, Mcintosh Reds, Baldwins, Greenings, Pound 
Sweets, etc. This is considered one of the best farms in town. Railroad 
station and postofRce, Ludlow, 3 miles; R. F. D. and telephone. Price, 
$2,800 cash. Address Charles H. Morgan, Ludlow. 

Norwich 

Farm of 200 acres: pasture, 75; woodland, 50; suitable for culti- 
vation, 75. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 
28 X 38, with L, 18 x 32, in fair repair; 6 rooms. Barn, 30 x 40, with 
cellar, in fair repair. Horse barn, 20x40, with cellar. Corn barn, 18 x 
20; hen house, 12 x 48; Shop or tool house 15 x 15. Fences in good 
condition. Will keep 2 cows and 4 horses. Suppl> of spring water. 



Windsor County Farms 121 

Orchard of 7 5 apple trees of standard varieties and a few pear trees. 
Place 4 miles from Dartmouth College. Railroad station, Norwich, 3 1/^ 
miles; postoffice, Norwich, 3 miles; R. F. D. and telephone. Price, 
$1,800; $1,100 cash, with balance at 6 per cent. Address John H. East- 
man, White River Junction. 

Norwich 

Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 50; suitable for cultivation, 5 0. Es- 
timated market value of wood and timber, $1000. House, l^Vz x 40, 
with L, 25x27, in fair repair; 9 rooms. Barn, 40x36, with cellar, in 
fair repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 15 cows, 2 young 
cattle and 2 horses. Running water. A few fruit trees. The soil is 
a clay loam, with 10 or 15 acres loam meadow, and cuts 5 or 60 tons 
of hay. The farm was badly run down, but is producing more each 
year and its output easily can be doubled. The location is excellent 
and is only 1 mile from Dartmouth College. Railroad station, Norwich 
and Hanover, N. H., V2 mile; post office, Norwich, I/2 mile; R. F. D. route 
and 2 telephone lines go by the house. Price, $6000. Address E. G, 
Lord. 

Plymouth (Tyson) 

Farm of 54 acres: one pasture, 9; woodland and pasture, 34; suitable 
for cultivation, 15. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $500. 
House, 32x26, with L, 20x16; 9 rooms, in fair repair. Barn, 30x26, 
with cellar, in good repair; hen house, 14 x 3 6. Fences mostly barb 
wire, in good condition. Will keep 3 cows and 1 horse. Water in house 
and barn. Orchard of 6 5 trees, including, Baldwins, Pippins and Porters. 
Part of the trees are common fruit. There are 2 summer hotels within 
half a mile; Echo Lake is only % mile distant; store and church V2 mile 
distant. There is a good market for eggs, butter and poultry at the sum- 
mer hotels, and Ludlow furnishes a good market for produce. Railroad 
station, Ludlow, 5 1/^ miles; postoffice, Tyson, V2 mile. Price, $800 cash. 
Address E. C. Manley, Tyson, Vt. 

Ponifret 

Farm of 150 acres; pasture, 60; woodland, 60; suitable for cultiva- 
tion 3 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $100 0. The hard 
wood is estimated at 2 00 cords mostly maple, some basswood and but- 
ternut. House, 40x36, with L, 40x20, in fair repair; 7 rooms. Barn, 
80 X 30, with cellar, in good repair. Horse barn, 30x20. Wire fences. 
Silo, with capacity of 7 5 tons. Will keep 2 5 cows and 2 horses. Run- 
ning water at house and barn. Orchard of 400 trees, many varieties 
mostly winter fruit. Railroad station, Woodstock, 6 miles; postofnce, 
Pomfret, also store, town hall and school house, ^^ mile; R. F. D. and 
telephone. Price $4000; $3000 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. This 
price includes stock and tools. Address Geo. W. Potter, Box 62. 

Poiiit'ret 

Farm of 240 acres: pasture, 160; woodland, 30; meadow, 5 0. Es- 
timated market value of wood and timber, $2,000. House, 30x27; L, 24x 
24; 16 rooms, in good repair. Furnace, hot and cold water and bath room. 
Barn, 100 x 3 0, with cellar, in good repair. Corn house, wagon house 
and sugar house. All buildings clapboarded and painted. Fences in good 
condition, mostly wire. Farm will keep 30 cows, 3 horses. Never fail- 
ing water. Orchard of 100 trees, consisting of Greenings, Baldwins, Kings, 
etc. Sugar orchard, capacity, 1500 buckets. Nearly level mowing; hay 
all cut by machine. Railroad stations, Woodstock and West Hartford. 
P. O., Pomfret, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, including farm- 
ing tools and all sugar apparatus, $7,500; $3,000 cash, balance at 5 per 
cent. Address George W. Harding. 



122 Vermont Farms 



Reading (Hamniondsville) 

Farm of 5 acres: woodland, 1; suitable for cultivation, 4. Estimated 
market value of wood and timber, $5 0. House, 35x4 5, with L, 25 x 
28, in good repair; 18 rooms; in the upper story is a hall, 30 x45. House 
lighted by electricity. Barn, 24 x 3 0, with cellar, in good repair. Fences 
in good condition. Will keep 1 cow and 1 horse. Running water. 

A few fruit trees. Location is a pleasant one, on state road from Spring- 
field to Woodstock. Railroad station, Windsor, 12 miles; post office, 
Felchville, 3 miles. Price, $1,500; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. 
Address Abram Finch, R, F. D., Felchville. 

Rochester 

Farm of 160 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 85; other acreage, 25; 
suitable for cultivation, 2 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$2,500. House, 34x2G; L, 40x15 1-3; 12 rooms in good repair. Barn, 
67 x44, with cellar, in good repair; horse barn, carriage room, etc. Fences 
in fair condition. Silo. No. tons capacity, 142. Will keep 15 cows, 

2 horses. Spring water. Apple orchard of about 9 trees. Fine sugar 
place of 800 trees; sugar house. Railroad station and P. O., Rochester, 
% mile. R. F. D. and telephone. This is considered one of the pleasant- 
est locations in the White River valley, and would make an ideal summer 
home. Place is located on the main road following the river. Rochester 
is a thriving place and growing rapidly. Price, $4,500; $3,500 cash, 
balance at 6 per cent. 

Royalton 

"Jones Place" of 160 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 60; other acre- 
age, 40; suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value of wood 
and timber, $2,500. House, 25x40; L, 20x30, with shed; 8 rooms, in 
fair repair. Barn, 30x50; cellar, in fair repair. Fences in fair con- 
dition. Silo; No. tons capacity, 2 0. Will keep 12 cows, 2 horses. Good 
water. Apple orchard of 5 or more trees; sugar orchard. Place not 
occupied now. Always owned by one family. R. R. station. South Royal- 
ton, 2 miles. P. O., Royalton, 1% miles. R. F. D. Price, $2,000; $800 
cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address William Skinner. 

Royalton 

The "Rix Place" of 200 acres: pasture, 80; woodland, 60; other acre- 
age, 60; suitable for cultivation, 6 0. Estimated market value of wood 
and timber, $4,000. Brick house, 30x40; wooden L, 20x40; 7 rooms 
in house and 3 in L; in fair repair. Barn, 30 x 60; cellar, in good repair. 
Fences in fair condition. Silo. No. tons capacity, 7o. Will keep 4 
cows, 3 horses. Good water. R. R. station and P. O., Royalton, 1 miie. 
R. F. D. and telephone. This farm has stood owned and occupied for 
100 years in the name of "Rix." The most desirable location, and car- 
ries with it everything for making farming profitable. All farm work can 
be done by machinery. Price, $10,000; $5,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. 
Address Katherine Rix Skinner. 

Royalton 

Farm of 200 acres: pasture, 75; woodland, 75; other acreage, 50. 
250,000 feet of timber, 1/2 mile to mill. 3,000 cords of wood valued at 
$6 per cord, market 1 y2 miles. House, 35 x 25; L, 35 x 20; 12 rooms, in 
good repair. Barn, 129x44; cellar, in good repair. Silo. No. tons 
capacity, 6 0. Will keep 30 cows, 3 horses. Water at house and barn. 
Fences in good condition. Orchard of 100 apple, 4 pear, 8 plum, 3 cherry 
trees; currants and grapes. Sugar orchard of 400 trees, all equipped. 
Very picturesque view from house. Farm adjoins the White river. Good 
neighbors. R. R. station, Royalton, 1 1/^ miles. P. O., 3 V2 miles. R. 



Windsor County Farms 123 



F. D. and telephone. Price, $5,000; $4,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. 
Address M. A. and E. A. Daniels. 

South Royalton 

Farm of 175 acres: pasture, 65; woodland, 40; suitable for cultivation, 
70. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $3,500. House, 38.9 
X26.6; L, 24x16; L, 38.6x18; 12 rooms; in good repair. Two barns, 
30x40, in fair repair; hen house, 52x13. Fences in fair condition. 
Silo. No. tons capacity, 7 5. Will keep 2 5 cows, 4 horses. Pasture 
watered by brook. Running water at house and barn. Two good trout 
brooks. 100 apple, 7 pear, 5 plum and 3 cherry trees. 50 blackberry plants, 
300 strawberry plants set last summer. Very early sugar iDush of 700 
trees, equipped. Plenty of good shade around house. Church, store, 
and creamery at East Barnard, 1 Vz miles. R. R. station and P. O., South 
Royalton, 7 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price $3200; $2400 cash, 
balance at 6 per cent. Will sell with or without stock and tools. Ad- 
dress D. E. Sneden. 

South Royalton 

Farm of 3 acres, all suitable for cultivation. House, 31x25; L, 
20x17; 8 rooms in good repair. Barn, 35x30; cellar, in good repair. 
Fences in good condition. Will keep 2 cows, 1 horse. Spring water. 
About 50 graft apple trees in second year of growth. About 2 5 currant, 
50 raspberry and 5 blackberry bushes. A good village farm for market 
gardening. R. R. station and P. O., South Royalton, 70 rods. Tele- 
phone. Price, $2500; $800 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address Earle 
E. Wilson. 

South Royalton 

Farm of 15 acres: pasture, 100; other acreage, 10; suitable for cul- 
tivation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1000. House 
35x28; L, 20x16; 7 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 104x44; cellar, in 
good repair. Fences in good condition. Silo. No, tons capacity 5 0. 
Will keep 2 cows, 3 horses. Good water. Orchard of 3 5 trees. R, R, 
station and P. O., South Royalton, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Is 
in graded school district. This farm is one of the best farms in town. 
A good stock or milk farm. On good road. Price $3000; $1000 cash, 
balance at 5 per cent. Address E. C. Martin. 

South Royalton 

Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 45; woodland, 30; suitable for culti- 
vation, 2 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $100 0. House, 
30x35; L, 16x20; 9 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 30x40; in good re- 
pair; with lean-to for stable. Fences in good condition. Silo. No. tons 
capacity, 3 0. Will keep 10 cows, 2 horses. Good water. Orchard of 
about 2 trees. R, R. station and postofRce, South Royalton, 2 "^i miles. 
R. F, D. and telephone. A very pleasant place, on a good road, in the 
graded school district. Price, $1800; $900 cash, balance at 5 per cent. 
Address E. C, Martin, 

South Royalton 

E'arm of 8 acres, all tillage land. House, 30x24; L, 24x14; 10 
rooms. House shingled last summer, 1912; hard wood floors in dining 
room and kitchen; a good bath room with good supply of water; sewer 
to river; new furnace; good cellar under main part of house. Barn, 36 x 
30; cellar; in good repair. All buildings newly painted. Silo, built two 
years ago, 2 feet deep, 10 feet in diameter. Place will keep 4 cows, 1 
horse. R. R. station and postofRce, South Royalton, less than i/4 mile. 
Telephone. Price $3500; one-half cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address 
C. W. Cowen, South Royalton, 



124 Vermont Farms 



Sharon 

Farm of 135 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 50; other acreage, 35; 
suitable for cultivation, 35. Estimated market value of wood and timber, 
$1000. House, 28x32; 9 rooms, in fair repair. Barn for 8 cows and 
4 horses, with bay; in fair repair. Will keep 8 cows, 2 horses. Fences 
in good condition. Spring water. Orchard of 6 7 trees; 5 common fruit, 
3 Baxter, 1 Wolf River, 6 Bellflower, 2 Pewaukee, 1 Talman Sweet, 2 
plum and 1 pear. Good sugar orchard. R. R. station, Sharon, 2 i/^ miles. 
P. O., Sharon, 2% miles. Price, $1600; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per 
cent. Address H. P. Batchelder. 

Springfield 

A four acre property: two acres suitable for cultivation. 

Land slopes to the south. House, 28x32; 8 rooms; built 3 years ago. 
Barn, 24 x 30; built 3 years ago. A modern house, with Dach, hot and cold 
water, fire-place, screens, storm doors and windows. Floors are of hard 
wood, linoleum and soft wood. Porcelain set tubs, toilet on first floor, set 
bowls in two chambers. Electric lights in all buildings. Place will keep 
1 cow, 1 horse. Fences in good condition. Spring water. Orchard of 
about a dozen bearing trees, 7 5 small apple and cherry trees. Ice house. 
Hen houses and pens for 2 00 birds. Incubator house with 1200 egg Can- 
dee hot water incubator. Brooder house for 1400 small chicks, hot water 
heat; poultry, stock and tools if wanted. House up from road, nice view 
no dust. Black river runs next to highway. Boating on the Con- 

necticut river, 1 mile on the electrics. Also some black bass fish- 
ing. One-fourth acre each of strawberries and asparagus, a few berries, 
currants, etc. A fine place for party wishing to carry on small poultry 
business, or for a summer home. Good place for summer boarders. R. R. 
station, Charlestown, N. H., 3 miles. Property is situate on line of Spring- 
field Electric Railway between Charlestown and Springfield. P. O., 
Springfield, 3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. For further particulars, ad- 
dress D. S. Brownell. 

North Springfield 

Farm of 17 acres: all suitable for cultivation. 2 1/^ story house, 33 x 
25; L, 39x21; 8 rooms, in good repair. House is painted, has piazza on 
two sides. Piazza on L from kitchen door. Good, large front yard. Barn, 
30 X 4 0, with cellar, in good repair. Horse barn, 3 x 2 7. Workshop 
and wood shed, 2 x 2 9. Cow stable is in basement, stanchions for 8 cows; 
good box stall. Fences in good repair. Farm will keep 6 to 8 cows, 2 
horses. Good water. Orchard of Greenings, Baldwins, Fameuse or Snow. 
On stage line to Gassetts. R. R. station, Gassetts, 3 miles. P. O., North 
Springfield, l^ mile. Price, $2,5 00; $1,5 00 cash; balance at 5 per cent. 
Address Mrs. Emma L. Keith, 2 3 Whitcomb St., Springfield, Vt. 

Stockbridge 

The "Len Newell Farm" of 30 acres: pasture, 8 acres; woodland, 12; 
suitable for cultivation, 10. Plenty of wood. House, 20x26; L, 24x36; 
L, 18 X 24; 14 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 24 x 30, cellar, in good repair. 
Place cuts 8 or 10 tons of hay. Will keep 3 or 4 cows, 1 horse. Fences in 
good condition. Running water at house and barn. Orchard of about 4 
trees, consisting of Duchess, Northern Spy, Pound Sweet, Baldwin, Tetos- 
kies, Williams' Favorite and other varieties. Excellent soil. Some gold in 
the sand along the river. Would make good place to keep boarders in 
the summer. R. R. station and P. O., Gaysville, 1 y2 miles. R. F. D. and 
telephone. Price, including a quantity of wood and some other personal 
property. $1,400; $1,000 cash; balance at 6 per cent. 



Windsor County Farms 125 

Stockbridge (Gaysville) 

Farm of 9 5 acres; pasture, 20; woodland 5 0; suitable for cultivation 
25. Estimated market value of wood and timber $2,500; estimated 200 
feet hard and soft wood. House 31x30; L, 60x21; 10 rooms in good 
repair; barns 41 x 30; 34 x 22; horse barn 44 x 30; cellar, in good repair, 
fences in good condition. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses, running water 
in house and barns, about 5 apple trees nearly all grafts. R. R. station, 
Gaysville, 3 miles. Flag station. Riverside % mile. P. O., Gaysville, 
3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price $2,200; $1,800 cash; balance on 
interest 5 per cent. This price includes some stock and farming tools, also 
household furniture. Address, John Schneider, Jr., Gaysville, Vt. 

Weathersfielcl ( Peikiiisville ) 

Farm of 160 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 25; other acreage, 75; 
suitable for cultivation, 75. Plenty of wood and timber for use and re- 
pairs. 11/2 story house, 36x30; L, 1 story; 8 rooms, good repair. Two 
large barns in fair repair. Three hen houses and an ice shed. No. tons 
capacity, 60 or 70. Will keep 16 cows, 3 horses. Fences in good condition. 
Great supply of water. Grafted and common fruit. Farm is on road be- 
tween Windsor and Springfield. Springfield electric station, 6 miles. Milk 
and cream taken at farm. School team comes to farm every school day. 
Graded school. Farm is very level and easy to care for. Good soil with 
quick returns. Beautiful scenery; very desirable for a summer home. 
R. R. station, Gassetts, 6 miles. P. O., Perkinsville, 1 mile. R. F. D. and 
telephone. Price, $2,800; $1,200 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address 
Esther G. Diggins. 

Woodstock 

Farm of 200 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 50; suitable for culti- 
vation, 50. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,000. Ma- 
chine worked fields. House, 32 x 48, 10 rooms, good repair. Barns, 28 
x36, 26x46, 40x50, 30x40, 26x38, two cellars, fair repair. Silo, No. 
tons capacity, 10 0. Will keep 2 5 cows, 4 horses. Fences in good condi- 
tion. Water at house and barn. Orchard of 44 apple, 10 pear and 8 
plum trees. Farm is situated on the Ottaquechee river, between Wood- 
stock, a thriving village, and Bridgewater, a manufacturing town. At 
Woodstock is an up-to-date inn which is filled with guests the year around, 
making a good market for farm produce. Stock and tools to purchaser 
if desired. R. R. station, Woodstock, 4 miles. P. O., West Woodstock, 3 
miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $6,000; $3,000 cash; balance at 
5 per cent. Address Allen L. Minor. 

Woodstock 

Village property, with i/4 acre of land. House built about 8 years 
ago; is in excellent condition. Hardwood floors down stairs. Steam heat, 
electric lights, fine pantry and a large, handsome buffet sideboard built 
in the dining room. Cement cellar bottom. A nice vegetable cellar sepa- 
rate from main cellar. Bath room, with hot and cold water, upstairs. 
Toilet and running hot and cold water down stairs. House is situated on 
a corner commanding a pleasant view in all directions; gets the sunshine 
all day. Barn, 21 x 30, in good repair. Room for three horses. This 
property is within ten minutes' walk of all places of interest in the village. 
P. O., Vs mile. Telephone. Price, $5,000. Address Everett P. Ashley. 

Woodstock 

The C. E. Darling homestead, situated five miles from the beauti- 
ful village of Woodstock, Vermont; 3 miles from Hartland 4 Corners; 
41/^ miles from the Central Vermont Railroad station, Hartland, Ver- 
mont. Cream gathered at door, free mail delivery, telephone connec- 



126 Vermont Farms 



tions. V^ mile from school, good neighborhood with near neighbors. 
Plenty of work to be obtained at good wages. Six churches at Wood- 
stock, High school, Y. M. iC. A., fine market for all produce and best 
advantages. I 

Cottage house of eight rooms, large halls, pantry, woodshed and car- 
riage room. Barn, 42x50; also shed and corn barn; running spring 
water at house and barn and a good well. 

The farm consists of 4 5 acres, 18 of which is in tillage, 27 in pasture 
and woodland. Fine orchard with the best varieties of fruit; beauti- 
ful old-fashioned garden. Productive soil adapted for special or general 
farming. Unsurpassed scenery; good roads for teaming or auto- 
mobiling, one of the most attractive places in a rarely beautiful section. 
Price, $2000. For further particulars, address A. B. Morgan, Woodstock, 
Vermont. 



INDEX 

Page 

Agricultural Advisers 8 

Agricultural Education 54 

Agricultural Experiment Station 58 

Agricultural Publications 65 

Alfalfa 32 

Apples ^'^ 

Barley 2 8 

Bee-keeping •'^•2 

Buckwheat 29 

Corn 22 

Crop Yields 16 

Dairying 10 

Farming, some Vermont examples of 60 

Forestry 52 

Hay 31 

Horses "^3 

Maple Sugar 33 

Markets 36 

Miscellaneous 59 

Oats 2 7 

Potatoes 2 9 

Poultry '^0 

Rye 2 8 

Sheep 4 8 

Small Fruits 41 

Soils ^6 

Swine ^ ^ 

Tobacco 3 3 

Vegetables 41 

Wheat 2 o 

INDEX TO FARM ADVERTISEMENTS 

Albany 1^3 

Andover 11" 

Bakersfield (South) 91 

Barnet (Passumpsic) ^^ 

Barton 1^3, 104 

Bennington ^2 

Benson 1 ^ ^ 

Bethel jlj 

Bomoseen (Lake) (Castleton) ^^^ 

Bondville (in Winhall) 8o 

Braintree ^^ 

Brandon j J^ 

Bridgewater . . .- • • - 11^ 

Bridport 1^ 

Bristol 'l 

Brookfield ^^ 

Brownington or oa 

Burke i no 

Cabot ^^l 

Cambridge ^^ 

Castleton " • ^^ ^ 

Cavendish 89 

chaj-iotte ;;::;;::: :99, 100 

Chelsea 118 

Chester ^^^ 

Chester Depot ., - „ 

Chittenden 



Page 

Colchester v 89 

Concord • • 91 

Corinth 100, 101 

Cornwall , 80 

Craftsbury 105 

Danville 86 

Danville (West) 86 

Derby 105 

Dorchester Heights (Morristown) 95 

Dorset . 83 

Dorset (East) 83 

Dorset (North) 83, 84 

Dunimerston (West) HI 

East Montpelier 109, 110 

Eden 94 

Elmore 9 4 

Enosburg Falls 92 

Evansville (Brownington) 105 

Fairfield 92 

Fair Haven 107 

Fairlee 101 

Ferrisburg (West) 80 

Gaysville (Stockbridge) 12 5 

Granville 80, 81 

Greensboro 105 

Groton 86 

Guilford 112 

Hardwick 87 

Hardwick (East) 87 

Hartford 119 

Hartford (West) 12 

Hartland 120 

Highgate 9 2 

Highgate (East) 93 

Highgate Center 9 3 

Hubbardton 107 

Huntington 90 

Hyde Park 94 

Irasburg 105 

Isle La Motte 93 

Jamaica 112 

Jericho 9 

Johnson 94,95 

Leicester , 81 

Londonderry 112 

Ludlow (South Hill) 120 

Lyndon 87 

Manchester 84 

Manchester Center 84 

Marshfield 109 

Middlebury (East) 81 

Middletown Springs 107, 108 

Milton 90 

Monkton 81 

Montpelier 110 

Morristown 95,96 

Newark 87 

Newfane 112, 113 

Northfield HO 

North Hero 9 4 



Norwich 120, 121 

Orwell g 1 

Passumpsic (in Barnet) 85 

Perkinsville (Weathersfield) 12 5 

Peru g4 

Plymouth (Tyson) 12 1 

Pomf ret 121 

Proctor 108 

Putney 113 

Quechee (Hartford) 119 

Randolph 1 1 

Reading (Hamniondsville) 122 

Rochester 122 

Roxbury 110 

Royalton 12 2 

Royalton (South) 123 

St. Johnsbury Center 88 

Saxton's River (Rockingham) 113 

Shaf tsbury 8 5 

Sharon 124 

Sheffield 88 

South Burlington 90 

Springfield 124 

Springfield (North) 12 4 

Starksboro 82 

Stockbridge 124, 125 

Stowe 9 6, 9 7 

Strafford 102 

Strafford (South) 102 

Sutton 8 8 

S wanton 93 

Sheldon Springs 93 

Townshend 113, 114 

Tunbridge 102,' 103 

Underbill Center 90, 91 

Vergennes 82 

Vernon 114 

Vershire 103 

Waitsfield Ill 

Walden 88 

AVallingford 108 

Wallingford (East) 109 

Waltham 82 

Wardsboro 114 

Wardsboro (West) 115 

Waterbury Ill 

Weathersfield (Perkinsville) 125 

Wells 109 

Westf ord 91 

Westminster 115 

Westminster Station 115 

Westmore 106 

Williston 91 

Wilmington 116 

Windham 116 

Windham (South) 116 

Winhall 85 

Wolcott 99 

Woodstock 125, 126 



I 

'4 



